Belgium -- History; World War, 1914-1918 -- Belgium
The Prince of Orange, however, had decided that there should be no
peace and that the revolutionary movement should be agitated as much
as possible. He had completely gained the confidence of Holland and
Zeeland, where he was the real master, and he planned to extend his
control over the rest of the Seventeen Provinces. Deeply compromised
as he was, any agreement with the King would mean disaster and the end
of his plans, which aimed at the separation of the Belgian provinces
from the Spanish monarchy. Owing to personal circumstances he had
first endeavored to resist Philip II by legal means. During his
exile and under the government of Alva he had gone farther and had
planned a general revolt, and now that the milder attitude of the King
threatened to win back some sympathy in Belgium, especially among the
Catholics, he foresaw that only the most daring policy would save the
revolutionary movement. Agents were therefore sent to the southern
provinces to stir up the people against any attempt at conciliation.
As a result of their intrigues, the members of the Council of State
were arrested by a furious mob and imprisoned. By the time they were
liberated they had fallen completely under the influence of the
revolutionary leaders. The States-General were called together by the
friendly members of the Council of State, and for nine years exercised
the chief power in Belgium. It was during their government, which
proved on the whole to be Catholic and loyalist, that the Spanish
soldiers, deprived of their pay, arose and sacked the city of Antwerp,
killing nearly seven thousand people. This event is known as the
“Spanish Fury.”
This, of course, gave the anti-Spanish party an excellent chance.
Under the pressure of William the Silent, the States-General met at
Ghent in 1575, and out of their deliberations was born the famous
“Pacification of Ghent.” This act was the work of the Prince of Orange,
and was intended to reconcile Catholics and Protestants and to settle
their religious differences, in order that they might be united in
the political struggle against Spain. This attempt at establishing
a “peace of religion” was unfortunately premature and provisional.
The hostilities between Catholics and Protestants were suspended and
religious tolerance was proclaimed; but in Holland and Zeeland, the
political sphere of influence of the Prince of Orange, the Catholic
worship was provisionally forbidden. The States-General would, it
was promised, later on reconsider the whole problem and settle the
religious differences definitely. This agreement was, of course,
unfavorable to the Catholics, but union was temporarily restored.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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