A Short History of Christianity: Second Edition, Revised, With AdditionsRobertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
History
A Short History of Christianity: Second Edition, Revised, With Additions
Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Church history
Nowhere could the anti-papal spirit be said to be dangerously strong;
nor was it much regarded by the popes. A little earlier than Huss,
Matthew of Cracow, Bishop of Worms, had written "On the Pollutions
(de squaloribus) of the Roman Curia," but he was never molested. It
does not seem, further, that the cause of the cruel sentence on
Huss was so much his attacks on the clergy or the papacy as the
enmities he had aroused (1) in what passed for philosophy (he being
a zealous "Realist," and as such hated by the "Nominalists," [24]
who were strong in the Council) and (2) on the side of nationality,
he being a Czech nationalist and a vehement enemy of the German race
and interest, which also were present in force. And though the cruelty
and the gross treachery of the sentence on Huss, and the infliction
of the same cruel death on Jerome of Prague in the following year,
roused a furious revolt among the Hussites, these outrages awoke no
general sympathy in Europe.
As the fifteenth century wore on, fresh movements of anti-papal
feeling rose, and some were put down. A professor of theology at the
university of Erfurt, John of Wesel (not to be confounded with John
Wessel, also a critical reformer in theology, but never persecuted),
began about the middle of the century to write against indulgences;
and when he became a popular preacher at Mayence and Worms he carried
his criticism further. The result was that in 1479 he was arraigned
before a "court of Inquisition" at Mayence and cast into prison, where
he soon died. Wesel was a Nominalist, and as such was no less hated by
the Realists than Huss had been by the Nominalists; but since he was
also denounced as a Hussite, and was further an extremely free-tongued
assailant of the hierarchy, there is reason in his case to suppose a
professional animus. Still there was no formidable movement. Before
John of Wesel, the Netherlander John of Goch, Confessor to the Nuns
of Tabor (d. 1475), had opposed both monasticism and episcopal power;
but he was associated with the orthodox Brethren of the Common Lot,
and had criticized the antinomian morals of the Brethren of the Free
Spirit, so that he hardly figured as a heretic. John Wessel, again
(d. 1489), anticipated, as Luther declared, most of the latter's
doctrines; but though he wandered in France and Italy, studied and
taught at Paris, and was a professor at Heidelberg, exercising a wide
influence, he never roused enmity enough to bring him into trouble. On
the other hand, Savonarola's strong dissentient movement at Florence,
as we have already noted, fell with him in 1498.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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