Studien und Kritiken, Jahrg. 1873, 1 Heft, pp. 75-115; R. T. Herford, Christianity in Talmud and Midrash (1904); T. Theodores, essay on The Talmud in Essays and Addresses by Professors and Lecturers of Owen's College (Macmillan, 1874), pp. 368-70; and Lightfoot, Horæ Hebraicæ, on Matt. ii, 14, xxvii, 56, and Luke vii, 2. Later developments of the problem are to be followed in the works of A. Kalthoff, The Rise of Christianity (Eng. tr. R. P. A., 1907) and Was wissen wir von Jesus? (pamph. Berlin, 1904); T. Whittaker's Origins of Christianity; Professor Arthur Drews's The Christ Myth (Eng. tr. Unwin); Professor W. B. Smith's Der vorchristliche Jesus (1906) and Ecce Deus (R. P. A., 1912); and Drews's The Witnesses to the Historicity of Jesus (Eng. tr. R. P. A., 1912). Compendious views of the process of textual analysis, as applied to the Gospels by students who still hold to the historic actuality of the Gospel Jesus, may be found in The Synoptic Problem, by A. J. Jolly (Macmillan, 1893); The Formation of the Gospels, by F. P. Badham (Kegan Paul, 2nd ed. 1892); The Common Tradition of the Synoptic Gospels, by Dr. Abbott and W. G. Rushbrooke (Macmillan, 1884); and The First Three Gospels, by J. Estlin Carpenter (Sunday School Association, 2nd ed. 1890). Of the extensive continental literature of this subject during the past half-century, typical and important examples are Baur's Kritische Untersuchungen über die kanonischen Evangelien (1847), Scholten's Het oudste Evangelie, 1868 (tr. in German, 1869); Gustave D'Eichthal's Les Évangiles, 1863; H. J. Holtzmann's Die synoptischen Evangelien, ihr Ursprung und geschichtliche Charakter, 1863; Berthold Weiss's Text-kritik der vier Evangelien, 1899; J. Wellhausen, Einleitung in die drei ersten Evangelien, 1905; A. Schweitzer's Von Reimarus zu Wrede (Eng. tr. The Quest of the Historical Jesus, Black, 1910); and Alfred Loisy, Le quatrième Évangile, 1903; Les Évangiles Synoptiques, two vols. 1907-8. Loisy's general conclusions are given in his Jésus et la tradition évangélique, 1910. Holtzmann's Lehrbuch der historisch-kritischen Einleitung in das Neue Testament (2te. Aufl. 1885) is a good summary of the general discussion on the documentary side up to its date. § 4. Myth of the Twelve Apostles