As to the Fourth Gospel and the doctrine of the Logos see the references given for ch. i, § 7; also the relevant articles in the Encyclopædia Biblica; the work of Loisy on the Fourth Gospel, before cited; the fourth and fifth chapters of Renan's Les Évangiles, which give his latest ideas on the problem; Reuss's Histoire de la théologie chrétienne au siècle apostolique, 2e édit. 1860, tom. ii, liv. vii; and J. J. Tayler's treatise, An Attempt to Ascertain the Character of the Fourth Gospel (1867). Baur and Strauss may also be profitably studied. Part II--CHRISTIANITY FROM THE SECOND CENTURY TO THE RISE OF ISLAM Chapter I--Scope and Character of the Unestablished Church § 1. Numbers and Inner Life Gibbon's fifteenth chapter is still valuable here. Compare Hatch, Organization; Renan, Saint Paul, concluding chapter; and the church historians generally. As to Britain, see Wright's The Roman, the Celt, and the Saxon, 4th ed. 1885. On the personnel and emotional life of the early church compare Louis Ménard, Études sur les origines du Christianisme, 1893; Loisy, L'Évangile et L'Église, 1904; Renan, L'Église Chrétienne and Marc Aurèle; Tertullian, passim; J. A. Farrer, Paganism and Christianity; Dr. John Stoughton, Ages of the Church (pp. 42-43--orthodox admissions). § 2. Growth of the Priesthood Hatch, as before cited, is here a specially good guide; and Neander, General History of the Christian Religion and Church (trans. in Bohn Lib.), gives a copious narrative (vol. i, sect. ii). On episcopal policy compare the series of popular monographs under the title "The Fathers for English Readers" (S.P.C.K.) and the anonymous treatise On the State of Man Subsequent to the Promulgation of Christianity (1852), Part II, ch. iv. Mosheim (Reid's ed. of Murdock's trans.) here deserves study. The question of priestly morals is handled in almost all histories of the Church. Cp. Gibbon, chs. xxi, xxv, xxxviii. Lea's History of Sacerdotal Celibacy (2nd ed. 1884) is a full and valuable record. As to the papacy see references given below, Part III, ch. i, § 3. § 3. The Gnostic Movement in the Second Century Baur's Die christiche Gnosis (1835) remains perhaps the most comprehensive study of this subject; but C. W. King's The Gnostics and their Remains adds to his elucidations. Matter's Histoire critique du Gnosticisme (2e édit. 1843-44) remains worth study; as is Neander's general account of the Gnostic sects in vol. ii of his General History. See shorter accounts in Baur's Church History (vol. i), in Mosheim's, and in that of Jeremie (1855). § 4. Marcionism and Montanism Neander, Hatch, and Baur, as last cited, give good views. Tertullian, who wrote a treatise Against Marcion, and himself became a Montanist, is a primary authority. See also De Soyres, cited on p. 98. § 5. Rites and Ceremonies