132 trees, @ 2s. 13 4 0 (The custom had been to plant 160 trees to the acre, but this was considered too close.) Carriage per tree, @ 2d.; manure per tree, @ 3d.; planting per tree, @ 3d. 4 8 0 Interest on L17 12s. 0d. for fifteen years before orchard is profitable, @ 5 per cent. 13 2 6 Loss of half the rent of the land for the same period, @ 10s. an acre 7 10 0 Building cellarage for product per acre 5 0 0 --------- L43 4 6 ========= For this outlay the landowner would gain an additional rent of L1 a year, so that, according to this authority, growing cider fruit at that time paid neither landlord nor tenant. FOOTNOTES: [423] _Farmer's Letters_, i. 10. [424] _R.A.S.E. Journal_ (3rd Series), iii. 1. [425] See the _Hyp Doctor_, No. 49. [426] Tooke, _History of Prices_, i. 42. [427] Cf. this and Tull's character of servants with Defoe's accusation of their laziness. [428] Salisbury newspaper, quoted by Baker, _Seasons and Prices_, p. 187. [429] See _Autobiography of Wm. Stout_, ed. by J. Harland. [430] _Gentleman's Magazine_, 1742. [431] Baker, _op. cit._ p. 194. [432] _A Defence of the Farmers of Great Britain_ (1814), p. 30. [433] Tooke, _History of Prices_, i. 42. [434] See a curious pamphlet called _An Exhortation to all People to Consider the Afflicting Hand of God_ (1754), p. 6. The plague lasted from 1745 to 1756. [435] _The Compleat Cyderman_, p. 46. [436] _Rural Economy of Gloucestershire_ (1788), ii. 206. [437] Blundell's _Diary_, p. 55. [438] MS. accounts of Mr. Chevallier, of Aspall Hall. [439] _The Case with the County of Devon with respect to the New Excise Duty on Cider_ (1763). The duty was 4s. a hogshead, but the opposition was so strong it was taken off. CHAPTER XVI 1765-1793 ARTHUR YOUNG.--CROPS AND THEIR COST.--THE LABOURERS' WAGES AND DIET.--THE PROSPERITY OF FARMERS.--THE COUNTRY SQUIRE.--ELKINGTON.--BAKEWELL.--THE ROADS.--COKE OF HOLKHAM.