[474] The pulling down of cottages began to be complained of in the seventeenth century; they harboured the poor, who were a charge upon the parish, and repairs were saved.--_Transactions Royal Historical Society_ (New Series), xix. 120. [475] Hasbach, _op. cit._ 82; Clarke, _General View of Herefordshire_, p. 29; Marshall, _Review of Northern Department_, p. 375. [476] Tooke, _History of Prices_, i. 50; Hallam, _Constitutional History_, iii. 302. [477] _Northern Tour_, iv. 420. The increase in population in the first half of the eighteenth century was slow; after the Peace of Paris in 1763, when the commerce and manufactures of the country were extended in an unprecedented degree, it was rapid. [478] _The Way to be Rich and Respectable_, London, 1780. [479] Grose, _Olio_, pp. 41-4; Lecky, _History of England in Eighteenth Century_, vi. 169 et. seq. [480] Cullum, _History of Hawsted_, p. 219. [481] Cullum, _History of Hawsted_, p. 225. [482] _Thoughts on Enclosure, by a Country Farmer_ (1786), p. 21. [483] Johnstone, _Account of Elkington's Draining_ (1797), pp. 8-9. [484] _R.A.S.E. Journal_ (1894), p. 11, from which this account of Bakewell is mainly taken. [485] According to some, Joseph Allom originated the breed, and Bakewell vastly improved it. We may safely give the chief credit to so careful and gifted a breeder as Bakewell. [486] _Culley on Live Stock_ (1807), p. 56. [487] Marshall, _Rural Economy of the Midland Counties_, i. 273. [488] _Victoria County History: Warwickshire, Agriculture_. [489] In Lancashire at this date it was not uncommon, when a tenant wished for his farm or a particular field to be improved by draining, marling, liming, or laying down to grass, to hand it over to the landlord for the process; who, when completed, returned it to the tenant with an advanced rent of 10 per cent. upon the improvements.--Marshall, _Review of Reports to Board of Agriculture_ (under Lancashire). [490] 1820, p. 173 et seq. [491] See Hasbach, _op. cit._ pp. 77 sq.; _Annals of Agriculture_, xxxvi. 497; Scrutton, _Commons and Common Fields_, p. 139. [492] Defoe, _Tour_, ii. 178 et seq. [493] _R.A.S.E. Journal_ (3rd Ser.), ii. 9. [494] Horner, _Inquiry into the Means of Preserving the Public Roads_ (1767), pp. 4 et seq. [495] _Victoria County History: Northants._, ii. 250. [496] Young, _Southern Tour_ (ed. 2), p. 88. [497] Tooke, _History of Prices_, i. 68. It is difficult to understand the price of the quartern loaf, 1s. 6d. in 1766, as wheat was only 43s. 1d. a quarter. Prices of wheat in these years were: s. d. 1767 47 4 1768 53 9 1769 40 7 1770 43 6 1771 47 2 1772 50 8 1773 51 0 1774 52 8 1775 48 4 1776 38 2 1777 45 6 1778 42 0 1779 33 8 These returns differ from those of the Board of Agriculture; see Appendix III. [498] _Annals of Agriculture_, iii. 366.