A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumesRobertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Religion
A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumes
Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Free thought -- History
Properly interpreted, the prayer forms a curious parallel to
the close of the tenth satire of Juvenal, above cited, where all
praying for concrete boons is condemned, on the ground that the
Gods know best, and that man is dearer to them than to himself;
but where there is permitted (of course, illogically) an appeal
for soundness of mind and spiritual serenity. The documents would
be nearly contemporary, and, though independent, would represent
kindred processes of ethical and rational improvement on current
religious practice. On the other hand, the prayer, "lead us not
into temptation, but deliver us from evil"--which again rings alien
to the context--would have been scouted by Juvenal as representing
a bad survival of the religion of fear. Several early citations
and early MSS., it should be noted, give a briefer version of the
prayer, beginning, "Father, hallowed be thy name," and dropping the
"Thy will be done" clause, as well as the "deliver us from evil,"
though including the "lead us not into temptation."
It may or may not have been that this rationalization of religion
was originally preached by the same sect or school as gave the
exalted counsel to resist not evil and to love enemies--a line of
thought found alike in India and in China, and, in the moderate
form of a veto on retaliation, in Greece and Rome. [874] But it is
inconceivable that the same sect originally laid down the doctrines
of the blood sacrifice and the final damnation of those who did
not accept the Messiah (Mt. x). The latter dogmas, with the myths,
naturally became the practical creed of the later Church, for which
the counsel of non-solicitous prayer and the love of enemies were
unimaginable ideals. [875] Equally incapable of realization by a
State Church was the anti-Pharisaical and "Bohemian" attitude ascribed
to the founder, and the spirit of independence towards the reigning
powers. For the rest, the occult doctrine that a little faith might
suffice to move mountains--a development from the mysticisms of the
Hebrew prophets--could count for nothing save as an incitement to
prayer in general. The freethinking elements in the gospels, in short,
were precisely those which historic Christianity inevitably cast aside.
§ 2
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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