[Sidenote: Election of 1800. _McMaster_, 215.] [Sidenote: Jefferson and Burr.] [Sidenote: The election in the House of Representatives.] 227. Election of 1800.--It was for a moment only that the noise of party conflict was hushed by the death of America's first President. The strife soon began anew. Indeed, the election of 1800 was fought with a vigor and violence unknown before, and scarcely exceeded since. John Adams was the Federalist candidate, and he was defeated. Jefferson and Burr, the Republican candidates, each received seventy-three electoral votes. But which of them should be President? The Republican voters clearly wished Jefferson to be President. But the Federalists had a majority in the House of Representatives. They had a clear legal right to elect Burr President. But to do that would be to do what was morally wrong. After a useless struggle the Federalists permitted Jefferson to be chosen, and he was inaugurated on March 4, 1801. [Illustration: PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, 1790. "Observe good faith and justice towards all nations."--_Farewell Address._] QUESTIONS AND TOPICS CHAPTER 19 §§ 192-194.--_a_. Describe the method of electing President employed at first. _b_. Describe Washington's journey to New York and the inaugural ceremonies, and compare them with the inauguration of the last President. §§ 195, 196.--_a_. In whose hands do appointments to federal offices lie? _b_. What was the great difference mentioned in § 196? Why was the difference so great? §§ 197, 198.--_a_. Why was Washington "stiff and aristocratic"? _b_. Would Washington have accepted the title of king? Give the reasons for your answer. §§ 199-202.--_a_. Give the reasons for the different views expressed in Congress as to customs duties. What are customs duties? _b_. Explain how slavery influenced the views of the Southern members. _c_. Compare the extent and population of the United States in 1791 with the extent and population to-day. _d_. What two new states were admitted in 1791-92? What was their attitude on slavery? What changes would their admission make in Congress? §§ 203, 204.--_a_. Explain carefully Hamilton's plan. What were its advantages? What is meant by the phrase "public credit"? _b_. What is meant by the phrase "assumption of the state debts"? §§ 205, 206.--_a_. What question arose concerning the site of the national capital? How was it settled? Was this a good way to settle important questions? _b_. Why did Hamilton want a Bank of the United States? Was this bank like one of the national banks of to-day? CHAPTER 20 §§ 207, 208.--_a_. Compare carefully the principles of the Federalists and the Republicans. Which party would you have joined had you lived then? Why? Which ideas prevail to-day? _b_. Discuss Jefferson's views as to the value of newspapers. §§ 209-212.--_a_. Why did the Republicans sympathize with the French Revolution? _b_. How was the action of the Republicans regarded by Washington? By Hamilton?