A Sketch of Assam: With some account of the Hill TribesButler, John, Major
History
A Sketch of Assam: With some account of the Hill Tribes
Butler, John, Major
Assam (India) -- Description and travel; Assam (India) -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- India -- Assam
In different parts of the Naga territory many salt wells exist, and
being worked by some of the tribes an immense quantity of salt is
produced. This is sold or bartered to the people of Assam for rice,
and by this means, doubtless, the miseries attendant on a scanty
supply of food are greatly lessened. We have no means of judging
of the extent of the salt trade between the Assamese and Nagas,
but the commerce might doubtless be increased by greater vigilance,
to the mutual advantage of both parties.
Preparations for War.
When the Nagas purpose taking vengeance on a neighbouring tribe,
the Khonbao assembles the elders of the village; and, in accordance
with established customs, the omens being consulted and proving
propitious, a plan to cut up their enemies by surprise is decided
on. Each man provides himself with a spear, sword, bamboo choong,
a hollow joint of the bamboo filled with water, and a small basket
of rice; and, the party being formed, set out in the day towards the
frontier of the enemy who is to be attacked. At night they cross
over and occupy a favourable position in ambush, surrounding the
enemy's village. There they take their repast, and when the cock first
crows on the following morning, they rush, with great shouting, into
the village, and cut up every body they meet with; sparing neither
old infirm men, nor helpless women, nor children: even the cows,
pigs, and poultry of the foe are slaughtered. Sometimes the victors
remain on the spot two or three days, but generally return to their
own village on the same day; taking with them the heads, hands,
and feet of those they have massacred: these they parade about from
house to house, accompanied with drums and gongs, throwing liquor and
rice on the heads, and uttering all manner of incantations: saying,
"Call your father, mother, and relations to come here and join you
in eating rice and drinking spirits, when we will kill them with the
same sword." They then sing, dance, and perform all manner of anticks;
pierce and mangle the heads of their enemies, and again with curses
enjoin them to summon their whole race to suffer the same ignominious
treatment. In the massacre, one of the Nagas may have, perhaps,
particularly distinguished himself by evincing great ferocity in
cutting off more heads than any of his party; which circumstance he
fails not to bring to the notice of his assembled friends. Stalking
out before them he challenges them to mark his deeds, and with many
songs of boisterous mirth and audacious boasting, he drags the heads
of his enemies about in the most contemptuous manner, proclaiming
his own triumph somewhat after this fashion:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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