ARMA, ARMĀTŪRA (ἔντεα, τεύχεα, Hom.; ὅπλα), arms, armour. Homer describes in various passages an entire suit of armour, and we observe that it consisted of the same portions which were used by the Greek soldiers ever after. Moreover, the order of putting them on is always the same. The heavy-armed warrior, having already a tunic around his body, and preparing for combat, puts on--1. his greaves (κνημῖδες, _ocreae_); 2. his cuirass (θώραξ, _lorica_), to which belonged the μίτρη underneath, and the zone (ζώνη, ζωστῆρ, _cingulum_), above; 3. his sword (ξίφος, _ensis_, _gladius_), hung on the left side of his body by means of a belt which passed over the right shoulder; 4. the large round shield (σάκος, ἀσπίς, _clipeus_, _scutum_), supported in the same manner; 5. his helmet (κόρυς, κυνέη, _cassis_, _galea_); 6. he took his spear (ἔγχος, δόρυ, _hasta_), or in many cases, two spears. The form and use of these portions are described in separate articles, under their Latin names. The annexed cut exhibits them all. Those who were defended in the manner which has now been represented are called by Homer _aspistae_ (ἀσπισταί), from their great shield (ἀσπίς); also _angemachi_ (ἀγχεμάχοι), because they fought hand to hand with their adversaries; but much more commonly _promachi_ (πρόμαχοι), because they occupied the front of the army. In later times, the heavy-armed soldiers were called _hoplitae_ (ὁπλίται), because the term _hopla_ (ὄπλα) more especially denoted the defensive armour, the shield and thorax. By wearing these they were distinguished from the light-armed (ψιλοί, ἄνοπλοι, γυμνοί, γυμνῆται, γυμνῆτες), who, instead of being defended by the shield and thorax, had a much slighter covering, sometimes consisting of skins, and sometimes of leather or cloth; and instead of the sword or lance, they commonly fought with darts, stones, bows and arrows, or slings. Besides the heavy and light-armed soldiers, another description of men, the _peltastae_ (πελτασταί), also formed a part of the Greek army, though we do not hear of them in early times. Instead of the large round shield, they carried a smaller one called the _pelté_ (πέλτη), and in other respects their armour, though heavier and more effective than that of the psili, was much lighter than that of the hoplites. The weapon on which they principally depended was the spear. The Roman legions consisted, as the Greek infantry for the most part did, of heavy and light-armed troops (_gravis et levis armatura_). The preceding figure represents two heavy-armed Roman soldiers. All the essential parts of the Roman heavy armour (_lorica_, _ensis_, _clipeus_, _galea_, _hasta_) are mentioned together, except the spear, in a well-known passage of St. Paul (_Eph._ vi. 17). ARMĀRĬUM, originally a place for keeping arms, afterwards a cupboard, in which were kept not only arms, but also clothes, books, money, and other articles of value. The armarium was generally placed in the atrium of the house.