"Be it knowne unto all men by these presences that I, wissawyamake, an Ingen about the age of 23 yeares ould, now dwilling at Sekescute ner providinc, have barganed and sould unto thomas Clemenes of providinc one medow Containing about 8 Akers mor or lese, a broke at each End and a hille on the weaste sid of it and wenasbetuckit river on the other sid of it and have sould unto him the free use of the river allso, to which bargen I the sayd Ingen do hearby bine me my hayrs Exctors adminstratrs and asignes to parfforme the bargon unto Thomas Clemenes his hayrs and asignes and I the aforesaid Ingen doe here by bind me my silfe my hayrs Exctors adminstratrs and asigns uppon the ffortner of our silves forfite unto thomas Clemenes and to his hayrs Exstors adminstrators and asignes if I the sayd Ingen be not the right honer of the above sayd midowe and do herby warante to thomis Clemenes the fall of it agaynst all Engens and men what ever under witten this 9th day of January 1654 in the presents of Joshua ffoot" "the mark X of wissowyamake" "the marke H of henry ffowler" [80] Tenth month (December), thirty-first day. [81] This English term for _local_ taxes was used in the early colonies. XIV. MASSACHUSETTS AND PERSECUTION As long as she was permitted to do so, Massachusetts secured religious uniformity by expelling or persecuting intruders who dissented from the established order. This was the practice and theory of all states in that day except Holland. Some individuals had advanced further, however, both in England and America (cf. _American History and Government_, # 84, close, for illustrations); and religious freedom was the fundamental principle in the Rhode Island "experiment" (No. 90, below). 84. Puritan Arguments for and against Persecution _a. The Simple Cobbler of Agawam, 1647_ Nathaniel Ward, minister of Ipswich (Agawam), was one of the few of the Massachusetts clergy with democratic leanings. He had been helpful in drafting the democratic _Body of Liberties_ (No. 78). But like that other democratic minister, Thomas Hooker (No. 93), Ward was a strict _theocrat_. His _Simple Cobbler of Aggawamm_ was published in London in 1647.