The sections of the two documents correspond up to XVIII. Sections XVIII and XIX of the Maryland Charter (relating to subinfeudation and manorial courts) are not found in the earlier document. Sections XVIII-XX of the Avalon Charter correspond to XX-XXII of the Maryland patent. Other changes, aside from names, etc., are: 1.--(Section IV.) In the granting of advowsons and other ecclesiastical powers, there is no reference in the Avalon Charter to the "ecclesiastical laws of the kingdom of England." This phrase is added in the Maryland Charter, since Baltimore has now (1624) been converted to Catholicism, _probably_ as a safeguard. 2.--Baltimore's tenure in Avalon (# 5) is to be "_in Capite, by Knight's Service_" [not so, but in free socage, in Maryland], "yielding therefor ... a white horse, so often as we or our successors shall come into the said region," together with the usual "fifth part of gold and silver ore." 3.--The Avalon Charter does not refer directly to _representative_ government. The authorization to Baltimore to publish laws runs,--"with the advice, assent, and approbation of the Freeholders of the said Province, or the greater part of them," while the Maryland Charter says the assent of "the _Free Men_ of the said Province, or the greater part of them, _or their delegates, or deputies_"; but the earlier like the later charter leaves it to the proprietor to assemble the people "in such form as to him shall seem best," and this probably looked to a representative gathering. 4.--(XVII.) The Avalon Charter does not _mention_ the participation of the popular assembly in granting taxes. Given such an assembly, however, and the renunciation by the English government (Section XVIII) of that power, then the possession of the power by the Assembly would inevitably follow. In the Maryland Charter it is _expressed_. =The Avalon Charter then, is the first _royal_ patent to give to settlers in America _political rights_=, in addition to the private common-law privileges. It is followed (as to sections VII and VIII) _in exact detail_ by the Heath Charter for Carolina (1629), the Baltimore Charter (1632), and the Plowden Charter for New Albion (1634).[27] Of the four grants just mentioned, that of Maryland in 1632 was the only one under which a successful colony was established, but the others help to show that that document was no prodigy. The student may like to notice here one of the rare slips of Dr. Channing (_History of the United States_, I, 245), when he ascribes the likeness between the charters of 1629, 1632, and 1634 to Sir Robert Heath's influence in that of 1629, instead of to the earlier Avalon Charter of 1623. 39. Excursus: Charters for New Albion and Maine