Women: „ 6/6 (potteries) or } 5/4 (textile) to } „ „ 3/3 (textile) } Children: „ 5/- or 4/- (textile) to } 1/8 or 1/- } „ „ Average of poor rates: 1/1. Poor rates are never nicely proportioned to the prices of provisions and the necessities of the poor, but depend on the temper of individuals, the caprice of parish officers and justices of the peace. They are as often raised by clamour as by real necessity. INCOME OF THE SOIL OF ENGLAND Reckoned 32 million acres, half arable, half grass (A. Young, _Northern Tour_, Letter XLII, p. 493) The Landlord’s rent was found to be £16,000,000 „ Tenants’ profit £18,237,691 „ Clergy £5,500,000 „ Industrious poor (being the amount of labour) £14,596,937 „ Non-industrious (being the amount of rates) £866,666 „ Interest of money £4,400,000 Total of these several incomes arising from the soil £59,601,294 ROADS (A. Young, _Northern Tour_, Letter XLIII, p. 573) [A few examples] Turnpike: To Stevenage Good To Wooburn Good Bad: To Newport Pagnell Middling To Bedford A vile narrow cut up lane To Castle Howard Infamous. I was near being swallowed up in a slough To Darlington is the great north road and execrably broke into holes, like an old pavement, sufficient to dislocate one’s bones To Wigan rutts which I actually measured four feet deep and floating with mud only from a wet summer.... I actually passed three carts broken down in these eighteen miles To Newcastle I was forced to employ two men at one place to support my chaise from overthrowing in turning out for a cart of goods overthrown and almost buried Good: To Choleford Bridge Excellent. Much indebted is the country to Sir Walter Blacket for the many good roads which lead every way round him