A Source Book of Mediæval History: Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance
History
A Source Book of Mediæval History: Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance
Middle Ages -- Sources
One of the most important groups of sources on the crusades is the
large body of letters which has come down to us, written by men who
had an actual part in the various expeditions. These letters,
addressed to parents, wives, children, vassals, or friends, are
valuable alike for the facts which they contain and for the revelation
they give of the spirit and motives of the crusaders. A considerable
collection of the letters, in English translation, may be found in
Roger de Hoveden's _Annals of English History_, Roger of Wendover's
_Flowers of History_, and Matthew Paris's _English History_ (all in
the Bohn Library); also in Michaud's _History of the Crusades_, Vol.
III., Appendix. In many respects the letter given below, written at
Antioch by Count Stephen of Blois to his wife Adele, under date of
March 29, 1098, is unexcelled in all the records of mediaeval
letter-writing. Count Stephen (a brother-in-law of Robert of Normandy,
who was a son of William the Conqueror) was one of the wealthiest and
most popular French noblemen who responded to Pope Urban's summons at
Clermont. At least three of his letters to his wife survive, of which
the one here given is the third in order of time. It discloses the
ordinary human sentiments of the crusader and makes us feel that,
unlike the modern man as he was, he yet had very much in common with
the people of to-day and of all ages. He was at the same time a bold
fighter and a tender husband, a religious enthusiast and a practical
man of affairs. When the letter was written, the siege of Antioch had
been in progress somewhat more than five months; it continued until
the following June, when it ended in the capture of the city by the
crusaders. Count Stephen was slain in the battle of Ramleh in 1102.
Source--D'Achery, _Spicilegium_ ["Gleanings"], 2d edition,
Vol. III., pp. 430-433. Adapted from translation by Dana C.
Munro in _Univ. of Pa. Translations and Reprints_, Vol. I.,
No. 4, pp. 5-8.
Count Stephen to Adele, his sweetest and most amiable wife, to his
dear children, and to all his vassals of all ranks,--his greeting
and blessing.
[Sidenote: Count Stephen reports prosperity]
You may be very sure, dearest, that the messenger whom I sent to
give you pleasure left me before Antioch safe and unharmed and,
through God's grace, in the greatest prosperity. And already at
that time, together with all the chosen army of Christ, endowed
with great valor by Him, we have been continually advancing for
twenty-three weeks toward the home of our Lord Jesus. You may know
for certain, my beloved, that of gold, silver, and many other kind
of riches I now have twice as much as your love had assigned to me
when I left you. For all our princes, with the common consent of
the whole army, though against my own wishes, have made me up to
the present time the leader, chief, and director of their whole
expedition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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