An educational work based on social realism that has been studied even more than the _Essays_ of Montaigne is _Some Thoughts concerning Education_ by John Locke (1632-1704). Locke states the aims of education in the order of their value as ‘_Virtue_, _Wisdom_ (i. e., worldly wisdom), _Breeding_, and _Learning_’; and holds that such a training can be secured by the young gentleman only through a tutor, who “should himself be well-bred, understanding the Ways of Carriage and Measures of Civility in all the Variety of Persons, Times and Places, and keep his Pupil, as much as his Age requires, constantly to the Observation of them.” In considering the subject-matter of the training, he maintains that “besides what is to be had from Study and Books, there are other _Accomplishments_ necessary for a Gentleman,--dancing, horseback riding, fencing and wrestling.” [Sidenote: Difficult to distinguish an author as of one type or the other, as can be seen in Milton.] [Sidenote: Montaigne,] =The Relations of Humanistic to Social Realism.=--Humanistic and social realism, however, constantly appear together in the works of the same author, and it is often difficult to distinguish a writer as advocating one type or the other. The differentiation seems to be largely a matter of emphasis. While one element or the other may seem to be more prominent in the treatise of a certain author, the two phases of education are largely bound up in each other. While Milton, for instance, is in the main a humanistic realist and advises an education in languages and books, he recommends that considerable time be given, toward the end of the course, to the social sciences--history, ethics, politics, economics, theology--and to such practical training as would bring one in touch with life. He also specifically advocates the experience and knowledge that would come from travel in England and abroad; and defines education as “that which fits a man to perform justly, skillfully, and magnanimously all the offices both private and public of peace and war.” On the other hand, Montaigne, the social realist, seems quite as strenuous in urging a more realistic humanism. In his essay, _On Pedantry_, he launches most vigorous ridicule against the prevailing narrow humanistic education, with its memorizing of words and forms, and insists: “Let the master not only examine him about the words of his lesson, but also as to the sense and meaning of them, and let him judge of the profit he has made, not by the testimony of his memory, but that of his understanding.” [Sidenote: and others.] [Sidenote: Distinctive social realists.]