Graves, _In Modern Times_ (Macmillan, 1913), chaps. VI and VIII, and _Great Educators_ (Macmillan, 1912), chap. XIII; Parker, _Modern Elementary Education_ (Ginn, 1912), chap. XII. For the details of the life and work of Mann in brief form, read Hinsdale, B. A., _Horace Mann and the Common School Revival_ (Scribner, 1899), or the readable little work on _Horace Mann the Educator_ (New England Publishing Co., 1896) by Winship, A. E. Monroe, W. S., has briefly recounted _The Educational Labors of Henry Barnard_ (Bardeen, Syracuse, 1893), and a longer account of _Henry Barnard_ is that of Mayo, A. D., in _Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education_, 1896-1897, vol. I, chap. XVI. For the development of public education in the various parts of the country during this third period, see Martin, G. H., _Evolution of the Massachusetts Public School System_ (Appleton, 1894), lects. IV-VI; Steiner, B. C., _History of Education in Connecticut_ (_U. S. Bureau of Education, Circular of Information_, No. 2, 1893), chaps. III-V; Stockwell, T. B., _History of Public Education in Rhode Island_ (Providence Press Co., Providence, 1876), chaps. VI-X; Randall, S. S., _History of the Common School System of the State of New York_ (Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, New York, 1871), third and fourth periods; Wickersham, J. P., _History of Education in Pennsylvania_ (Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1886), chaps. XVII-XVIII; Mayo, A. D., _The Development of the Common Schools in the Western States_ (_Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Education_, 1898-99, vol. I, pp. 357-450); Boone, R. G., _History of Education in Indiana_ (Appleton, 1892), chaps. IV and VIII-XXXIII; Smith, W. L., _Historical Sketch of Education in Michigan_ (Lansing, 1881), pp. 17-38, 49-57, and 78-109; Knight, E. W., _The Influence of Reconstruction on Education in the South_ (Columbia University, _Teachers College Contributions_, No. 60, 1913) and _The Peabody Fund and Its Early Operation in North Carolina_ (_South Atlantic Quarterly_, vol. xiv, no. 2). Mayo, A. D., _Education in the Several States_, _Education of the Colored Race_, and _The Slater Fund_ (_Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Education_ 1894-95, XXX, XXXI, and XXXII). [Illustration: Fig. 41.--The first high school. (This institution was established at Boston in 1821 as the ‘English Classical School,’ and three years later the name was changed to ‘English High School.’)] [Illustration: Fig. 42.--The University of Michigan in 1855. (The oldest picture of the first prominent state university; established by the legislature in 1837, and opened in 1841.)] CHAPTER XXIV DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE OUTLINE Of the two aspects to Pestalozzi’s educational positions, Froebel stressed development from within, and Herbart development from without.