=Erasmus, Leader in the Humanistic Education of the North.=--A similar attitude was held by Erasmus (1467-1531), the greatest of the humanists trained by the Hieronymians. While he was bitterly opposed to the corruption and obscurantism of ecclesiastics, he believed that the remedy lay, not in a division of the Church, but in the study of the classics and the Church Fathers, and in the general removal of ignorance. Accordingly, to advance education, he assisted in the preparation of Lily’s Latin grammar, translated into Latin the Greek grammar of Theodore of Gaza, and wrote a work on Latin composition, called _De Copia Verborum et Rerum_, and an elementary text-book of Latin conversation on topics of the day, known as _Colloquies_. Similarly, he produced treatises on the New Testament, and popularized the Gospels and Church Fathers through paraphrases. Even better known are the satires that he wrote in Latin to reform the abuses and foibles of his times. His _Adages and Praise of Folly_ mercilessly scored the absurdities and vices of the Church and the priesthood, and in his _Dialogue on Ciceronianism_ he ridiculed some of the narrower tendencies into which humanism had fallen. He also made direct contributions to educational theory in his Latin treatises on _The Liberal Education of Children_, _The Right Method of Study_, and _Courteous Manners in Boys_, which are almost modern in some of their recommendations. Learning, morality, religion, and good manners, he held, must be trained together, and education must be open to everyone, according to his or her ability. It should be started in infancy by the mothers, and reading, writing, drawing, and some knowledge of familiar animals and objects taught by informal methods. At seven the boy is to be given a thorough training in the Scriptures, Church Fathers, and the classics, and the content rather than the language and form of these works is to be stressed. [Sidenote: Developed out of old schools for benefit of municipalities.] [Sidenote: Latin schools for Electorate of Saxony.]