5. =The Post-nati. 1606-1608.=--When another session opened in =1606= James repeated his efforts to induce the Commons to do something for the union with Scotland. He wanted them to establish free trade between the countries, and to naturalise his Scottish subjects in England. Finding that he could obtain neither of his wishes from Parliament, he obtained from the judges a decision that all his Scottish subjects born after his accession in England--the _Post-nati_, as they were called--were legally naturalised, and were thus capable of holding land in England. He had to give up all hope of obtaining freedom of trade. 6. =Irish Difficulties. 1603-1610.=--James was the first English sovereign who was the master of the whole of Ireland. He tried to win the affection of the tribes by giving them the protection of English law against the exactions of their chiefs. Naturally, the chiefs resented the change, while the tribesmen distrusted the interference of Englishmen from whom they had suffered so much. In =1607= the chiefs of the Ulster tribes of O'Neill and O'Donnell--known in England as the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell--seeing resistance hopeless, fled to Spain. James ignored the Irish doctrine that the land belonged to the tribe, and confiscated six counties as if they had been the property of the chiefs, according to the feudal principles of English law. He then poured in English and Scottish colonists, leaving to the natives only the leavings to live on. 7. =Bate's Case and the New Impositions. 1606-1608.=--The state of James's finances was almost hopeless. Elizabeth, stingy as she was, had scarcely succeeded in making both ends meet, and James, who had the expense of providing for a family, from which Elizabeth had been free, would hardly have been able to meet his expenditure even if he had been economical. He was, however, far from economical, and had given away lands and money to his Scottish favourites. There was, therefore, a large deficit, and James wanted all the money he could get. In =1606= a merchant named Bate challenged his right to levy an imposition on currants, which had already been levied by Elizabeth. The Court of Exchequer, however, decided that the king had the right of levying impositions--that is to say, duties raised by the sole authority of the king--without a grant from Parliament--holding that the _Confirmatio Cartarum_ (see p. 221), to which Bate's counsel appealed, only restricted that right in a very few cases. Whether the argument of the judges was right or wrong, they were the constitutional exponents of the law, and when Cecil (who had been James's chief minister from the beginning of the reign, and was created Earl of Salisbury in =1605=) was made Lord Treasurer as well as Secretary in =1608=, he at once levied new impositions to the amount of about 70,000_l._ a year, on the plea that more money was needed in consequence of the troubles in Ireland.