The Metropolitical Visitation 1634 First Ship-money Writ (to the port-towns) 1634 Second Ship-money Writ (to all the counties) 1635 Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick in the pillory 1637 Riot in Edinburgh 1637 Scottish National Covenant 1638 Judgment in Hampden's Case 1637-1638 First Bishops' War 1639 Short Parliament 1640 Second Bishops' War 1640 Meeting of the Long Parliament 1640 Execution of Strafford, and Constitutional Reforms 1641 1. =The Metropolitical Visitation. 1634-1637.=--The antagonism which Laud had begun to rouse in the first months of his archbishopric became far more widely spread in the three years beginning in =1634= and ending in =1637=, in consequence of a Metropolitical Visitation--that is to say, a visitation which he conducted by the Metropolitan or Archbishop--either in person or by deputy--to enquire into the condition of the clergy and churches of the Province of Canterbury; a similar visitation being held in the Province of York by the authority of the Archbishop of York. Every clergyman who refused to conform to the Prayer Book, who resisted the removal of the Communion table to the east end of the chancel, or who objected to bow when the sacred name of Jesus was pronounced, was called in question, and if obstinate, was brought before the High Commission and suspended from the exercise of his functions or deprived of his living. Laud wanted to reach unity through uniformity, and made the canons of the Church his standard of uniformity. Even moderate men suspected that he sought to subject England again to the Pope. The queen, too, entertained a Papal agent at her Court, and a few successful conversions, brought about by Con, who at one time resided with her in that capacity, frightened the country into the belief that a plot existed to overthrow Protestantism. Some of Laud's clerical supporters favoured this idea, by talking about such topics as altars and the invocation of the saints, which had hitherto been held to have no place in Protestant teaching. The result was that moderate Protestants now joined the Puritans in opposing Laud.