15. =Lady Jane Grey. 1553.=--On July 10 Lady Jane Grey, a pure-minded, intelligent girl of sixteen, was proclaimed queen in London. She was a fervent Protestant, and there were many Protestants in London. Yet, so hated was Northumberland, that even Protestants would have nothing to say to one who had been advanced by him. Lady Jane passed through the streets amidst a dead silence. All England thought as London. In a few days Mary was at the head of 30,000 men. Northumberland led against her what troops he could gather, but his own soldiers threw their caps in the air and shouted for Queen Mary. On the 19th Mary was proclaimed queen in London, and the unfortunate Jane passed from a throne to a prison.[9] [Footnote 9: Genealogy of the Greys:-- HENRY VII. (1485-1509) | +--------------+----+------------------+ | | | HENRY VIII. Margaret = James IV. Mary = (2) Charles (1509-1547) of Scotland m. (1) | Brandon, Louis XII. | Duke of of France | Suffolk | +------+ | Frances = Henry | Grey, | Marquis of | Dorset and | Duke of | Suffolk | +----------------------------------+----------+----+ | | | Jane Grey = Guilford Dudley Catherine Grey Mary Grey] 16. =Mary restores the Mass. 1553=.--Mary, strong in her popularity, was inclined to be merciful. Amongst those who had combined against her only Northumberland and two others were executed--the miserable Northumberland declaring that he died in the old faith. Mary made Gardiner her Chancellor. Some of the leading Protestants were arrested, and many fled to the Continent. The bishops who had been deprived in Edward's reign were reinstated, and the mass was everywhere restored. The queen allowed herself to be called Supreme Head of the Church, and at first it seemed as though she would be content to restore the religious system of the last year of Henry's reign, and to maintain the ecclesiastical independence of the country. [Illustration: Queen Mary Tudor: from a painting by Lucas de Herre, dated 1554, belonging to the Society of Antiquaries.]