7. =The Claims of Mary Stuart. 1559.=--Elizabeth was decided enough when she could see her way clearly. When she did not she was timid and hesitating, giving contradictory orders and making contradictory promises. She detested Calvinism, and regarded rebellion as of evil example. She especially abhorred Knox, because in her sister's reign he had written a book against _The Monstrous Regimen of Women_, disbelieving his assertion that she was herself an exception to the rule that no woman was fit to govern. It is therefore almost certain that she would have done nothing for the Lords of the Congregation if France had done nothing for the Regent. Henry II., however, was killed by an accidental lance-thrust which pierced his eye in a tournament, and on the accession of his son as Francis II., Mary Stuart, now queen of France, assumed the arms and style of queen of England.[12] The life-long quarrel between Elizabeth and Mary could hardly be staved off. Not only did they differ in religion, but there was also between them an irreconcilable political antagonism closely connected with their difference in religion. If the Papal authority was all that Mary believed it to be, Elizabeth was a bastard and a usurper. If the national Church of England had a right to independent existence, and the national Parliament of England to independent authority, Mary's challenge of Elizabeth's title was an unjustifiable attack on a sovereignty acknowledged by the constitutional authorities of the English nation. [Footnote 12: Genealogy of the last Valois kings of France:-- Francis I. 1515-1547 | Henry II. = Catherine de Medicis 1547-1559 | | +----------------+--------------+----------------+ | | | | Francis II. Charles IX. Henry III. Francis, Duke 1559-1560 1560-1574 Duke of of Alençon, Anjou, king afterwards of France, Duke of Anjou 1574-1589]