construction of modern Walpi by the 23 Snow, use of, as water supply by the Zuñi 91 Spaniards, early visit of, to Tusayan 21, 22 Spanish authority, effect of, upon purity of Zuñi kiva type 112 Spanish beams in Tusayan kivas 119, 123, 124, 125, 126 Spanish churches at pueblos, Hawikuk 81, 82, 138 Spanish influence in Zuñi and Tusayan 169, 180, 196, 213, 224 Spanish missions established in Tusayan 22 Spider people, settlement in Tusayan of the 27 Splash-stones described and figured 155, 156 Splayed openings in Ketchipauan church 82 Squash people, settlement in Tusayan of the 25 Stakes used in construction of stone walls 147 Stephen, A. M., material on traditional history of Tusayan collected by 16-41 opinion on Walpi architectural features 72 acknowledgments to 100 on distribution of Oraibi gentes 104, 105 on orientation of Tusayan kivas 115 discovery of ancient kiva type near Sikyatki 117 typical kiva measurements by 122 on wattling or lathing of kiva walls 126 on significance of structural plan of kiva 135 collection of primitive andirons or bosses by 176 Steps and ladders described 156-162 Steps cut in faces of cliffs 191 Steps or foot-holes of Walpi trail 65 Steps to kivas 114 Stone, size, character, and finish of, in pueblo ruins 55, 58, 60, 138 means of obtaining, in Zuñi 139 effect of use of, in chimney hoods 172 corrals 214 flags used to floor Tusayan kiva 121 inclosures in Southern Arizona 216 roof drains, curious forms of 154 shelters, possible remains of, at Payupki 60 slabs formerly used to close doorways 188 Stone-close anciently used 192, 193 Stone wedges used in pueblo wall finish 140, 142 Stonework, Shumopavi 75 at Oraibi 144 Mormon and Pueblos compared 148