A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544Dorsey, James Owen
Religion
A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544
Dorsey, James Owen
Siouan Indians -- Religion
Certain men profess to have an unusual amount of the wakan
or divine principle in them. By it they assume the working
of miracles, laying on of hands, curing of the sick, and
many wonderful operations. Some of these persons pretend to a
recollection of former states of existence, even naming the
particular body in which they formerly lived. Others assert their
power over nature, and their faculty of seeing into futurity, and
of conversing with the deities. A third class will talk of the
particular animals whose bodies they intend to enter when loosed
from their present existence [§§ 260, 267, 287]. In endeavoring
to sustain these pretensions they occasionally go through
performances which are likely to deceive the ignorant throng.[206]
Pond wrote thus of the Dakota wakaŋ men:[207]
They do not spring into existence under ordinary operations of
natural laws, but, according to their faith, these men and women
(for females, too, are wakan) first arouse to conscious existence
in the form of winged seeds, such as the thistle, and are wafted
by the * * * influence of the four winds till they are
conducted to the abode of some Taku Wakan, by whom they are
received into intimate communion. They remain there till they
become acquainted with the character and abilities of the class of
gods whose guests they happen to be, and until they have imbibed
their spirits, and are acquainted with all the chants, feasts,
dances, and rites which the gods deem necessary to impose on men.
Thus do some of them pass through a series of inspirations with
different classes of divinities, till they are fully wakanized
and prepared for human incarnation. They are invested with the
invisible wakan powers of the gods, their knowledge and cunning,
and their omnipresent influence over mind, instinct, and passions.
They are taught to inflict diseases and heal them, discover
concealed causes, manufacture implements of war, and impart to
them the ton-wan power of the gods; and also the art of making
such an application of paints that they will protect from the
powers of the enemies. This process of inspiration is called
“dreaming of the gods.” Thus prepared and retaining his primitive
form, the demi-god rides forth on the wings of the wind over
* * * the earth, till he has carefully observed the characters
and usages of the different tribes of men; then, selecting his
location, he enters one about to become a mother, and, in due
time, makes his appearance among men. * * * When one of these
wakan men dies he returns to the abode of his god, from whom he
receives a new inspiration, after which he passes through another
incarnation as before, and serves another generation. In this
manner they pass through four incarnations, * * * and then
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