A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns.Chadwick, Edwin
History
A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns.
Chadwick, Edwin
Burial; Cemeteries -- Great Britain; Mortality -- Statistics; Public health -- Great Britain; Working class -- Great Britain
§ 44. Mr. Baker, the coroner, stated to me that he has met with some
cases where inquests have been promoted in consequence of suspicions
excited amongst neighbours on account of the delay of interments; it
turned out that the deaths had been natural, and that the delay had
arisen from the difficulty of procuring money to defray the funeral
expenses. Mr. Bell, who for several years acted as clerk to Mr.
Stirling, the late coroner for Middlesex, even cites several dreadful
cases of children found dead in the metropolis, in which, on inquiry, it
was proved that the deaths were natural, but that the bodies had been
actually abandoned in consequence of the difficulty of raising the money
for interment, and the reluctance to apply for parochial aid.
§ 45. The nature of the expenses of interments in London, and their
operation on the whole practice, are most fully developed in the
examination of Mr. Wild.
Supposing the expenses of interment reduced, and the conveniences
increased, do you think that there would be much or any reluctance
to early interment, on account of any general feeling of dislike on
the part of the survivors to earlier removals or interments?—No, I
do not think there would be any reluctance.
In cases where the obstacles arising from the expense and the
inconvenience preventing the attendance of friends do not exist, is
there a frequent reluctance expressed to early interment?—It is not
frequent. Sometimes, but very seldom, the deceased may have
expressed a wish not to be hurried out of the house soon after he
was dead.
Do you find that there is less delay amongst the higher and middle
classes?—There is certainly much less delay amongst them; but with
them the corpses are early placed either in lead or in double
coffins, and the delay is of less consequence.
Amongst the poorer classes, is not the widow often made ill during
the protracted delay of the burial?—Yes, very often. They have come
to me in tears, and begged for accommodation, which I have given
them. On observing to them, you seem very ill: a common reply is,
“Yes, I feel very ill. I am very much harassed, and I have no one to
assist me.” I infer from such expressions that the mental anxiety
occasioned by the expense, and want of means to obtain the money, is
the frequent cause of their illness. My opinion is, that unless the
undertaker gave two-thirds of them time or accommodation for
payment, they would not be able to bury the dead at all.
Do you consider that funerals in general are made unnecessarily
expensive?—Yes, they are, even under their present system
unnecessarily expensive. The average price of funerals amongst the
working classes for adults will be about 4_l._ This sum generally
provides a good strong elm coffin, bearers to carry the corpse to
the grave, pall and fittings for mourners. For children the average
cost is 30_s._, but these charges do not include ground and burial
fees.
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