Upper parts dull leaden-grey; lower dull yellowish-white; forehead yellowish-white; hind part of the head and neck greyish-black; throat and band passing round the neck, greyish-white; secondary quills and tail-feathers narrowly tipped with white. Young very dull slate-colour, paler on the abdomen, on the head blackish, wings and tail as in the adult, their tips of a duller white. _Male_, 11, 15. Rare, and only in winter, from Pennsylvania to New York. More abundant in Massachusetts. Common from Maine northward to the Fur Countries. Columbia River. Canada Jay, Corvus canadensis, Wils. Amer. Ornith. v. iii. p. 33. Corvus canadensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 58. Garrulus canadensis, Whisky Jack, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 295. Garrulus brachyurus, Short-billed Jay, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 296. Young. Garrulus canadensis, Canada Jay, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 232. Short-billed Jay. Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 599. Canada Jay, Corvus canadensis. Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 58; v. v. p. 208. GENUS IV. NUCIFRAGA, Briss. NUTCRACKER. Bill as long as the head, moderately stout, conical, compressed, at the tip rather depressed; upper mandible with its dorsal line slightly arcuato-declinate, the ridge convex, the sides rounded, the edges sharp and overlapping, without notch, the tip flattened and obtuse; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges sharpened a little involute, the tip flattened and rather obtuse. Nostrils basal, lateral, roundish, covered by bristly feathers, which are directed forwards. Head large, broadly ovate, neck rather short; body moderately stout. Tarsus rather short, compressed, with eight scutella; toes stout, the first very large, the inner a little shorter than the outer, which is adherent at the base. Claws large, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended; no distinct bristles at the base of the upper mandible, wings long, much rounded, the first quill very short, the fourth longest; tail of moderate length, rounded. 235. 1. Nucifraga Columbiana, Wils. Columbian Nutcracker.--Clark's Crow. Plate CCCLXII. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female. Light brownish-grey; forehead, throat, fore part of cheeks, and space round the eye yellowish-white; wings glossy bluish-black, seven of the secondaries largely tipped with white; upper tail-coverts greyish-black; tail pure white, except the two middle feathers, and the greater part of the inner webs of the next pair, which are bluish-black. _Male_, 12, wing 7-11/12. Rocky Mountains. Clarke's Crow, Corvus columbianus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 29. Corvus columbianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 57. Columbian Crow, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 218. Clarke's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 459. FAMILY XIX. LANIINÆ. SHRIKES.