495. H. CHRYSOPHYLLUM. Brid. St. creeping pinnate; l. almost squarrose sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base, tapering into long setaceous points, entire, nerved more than half way, rarely absent; areolæ not enlarged or diaphanous at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, cernuous; lid conical. Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. V.—IX. 496. H. STELLATUM. Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely tufted: branches irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose, recurved, rather suddenly tapering into a long point from a deltoid-ovate base, with a few large diaphanous cells at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. oblong curved cernuous; lid convex pointed. Marshes and bogs. V. VI. _c._ Polygamous. 497. H. POLYGAMUM. Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into shorter points than last two, entire, nerved about half way, areolæ larger at base; caps. oblong, sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed. Wet swampy places. V. var. β. _stagnation._ “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate; l. with a longer nerve; seta longer, often 3in. or more.” _Sect. II._ St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund, nerve single, areolæ linear. _a._ Dioicous. † Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex. 498. H. ADUNCUM. Dill. L.[1] (_H. exannulatum_, Gümb.) St. 2–4in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l. crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, striate, faintly sub-serrulate near the base; nerved nearly to apex; basal cells larger and inflated, gradually passing into the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical, curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more. Footnote 1: This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different species; but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872), that he has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on which Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the synonymy of this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of this and the next four species are from his pen; the name _aduncum_ should be retained as being older than _exannulatum_. Marshes and marshy heaths. IV. V. 499. H. KNEIFFII. B. & S. (_H. aduncum_, Hedw. Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate; l. falcato-secund, somewhat distant, lanceolate acuminate, occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near the base, thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above elongate rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate, broadly annulate. Swamps and marshes. VI.