=Instruments.= Knife, artery and dissecting forceps, retractors, ligatures. =Operation.= Performed under a general anæsthetic. _First step._ An incision, three inches long, is made through the skin immediately below the outer third of the orbital margin. The underlying orbicularis palpebrarum is divided, and the orbital fascia covering the gland is defined and incised. _Second step._ The gland is first separated from the periosteum of the depression in the bone in which it lies, and is drawn forward and carefully dissected out from the lid. The wound is then closed with sutures. =An abscess in the lachrymal gland= should be opened by an incision similar to, but not so long as that in the above operation. OPERATIONS UPON THE ORBIT EXPLORATION OF THE ORBIT (KRÖNLEIN’S METHOD) In this operation the bony outer wall of the orbit is divided above and below, and turned outwards so as to expose the orbital contents without interfering with the globe; the bony wall, being kept attached to the overlying tissue, can be replaced subsequently without fear of necrosis. =Indications.= The operation is performed in cases of a suspected tumour of the orbit, which, if small and non-malignant, can be removed, the eye being left _in situ_. If doubt exists as to the nature of the tumour a piece can be removed and examined microscopically, either at the time of the operation or later. It is especially suitable for tumours of the optic nerve and for orbital cysts behind the globe. =Instruments.= Scalpel, dissecting forceps, artery forceps, scissors, periosteum detacher, chisel and hammer, or preferably, a motor rotary saw, and retractors. =Operation.= Performed under a general anæsthetic. _First step._ A slightly curved incision with the convexity forwards is made so as to expose the outer margin of the orbit and carried down to the bone. The periosteum is separated from the inner surface of the outer wall of the orbit by means of a periosteum detacher and divided horizontally, the finger is inserted, and the orbit explored. If a small tumour or cyst be found it can sometimes be shelled out through this incision without enlarging the wound further. _Second step._ The eye and orbital contents are carefully protected with a large flat retractor. The bone is first divided above, by means of either a chisel or a saw. The upper incision should pass through the base of the external angular process of the frontal bone, and run backwards and slightly downwards to the posterior end of the spheno-maxillary fissure. The lower incision should run directly backwards from the lower orbital margin into the spheno-maxillary fissure. The triangular wedge of bone attached by its outer surface to the soft tissues in the temporal fossa is then forced outwards. In doing this care must be taken not to fracture the orbital wall anteriorly, otherwise the space to work in will be much reduced.