The kidneys, in cases which have continued some time, are apt to be hyperæmic and enlarged, although primarily they are uninvolved. It would seem that the long-continued hyperæmia which is a necessary condition of the copious secretion of urine, results, sooner or later, in an over-nutrition of the renal epithelium, a widening of the tubules, and consequent enlargement of the whole organ. The changes are mainly of a parenchymatous or catarrhal rather than an interstitial nature, the epithelium being disposed to shed. These changes may reach a more advanced stage of cellular degeneration, and may be attended by albuminuria. The cells may become very large, present a yellowish-brown color, their nuclei indistinct and non-responsive to ordinary staining solutions, but may take a red stain with a weak solution of iodine, similar to that described in the case of the liver-cells. Mackenzie describes a hyaline degeneration of the intima of the arterioles and a skeleton condition of the epithelium of the collecting tubes.[13] There may also be a catarrh of the pelves of the kidneys and ureters, due to irritation of the saccharine urine. [Footnote 13: _Loc. cit._] Atrophy of the testes has been noted by Romberg and Seegen in young men, and recently Hofmeier[14] has reported the case of a young diabetic woman, aged twenty, who came under observation for pruritus vulvæ, in whom the uterus was found small, scarcely 5 cm. (2 inches) long, and the ovaries very much atrophied. As this young woman had no other ailment, the atrophy was ascribed to the diabetes. [Footnote 14: _Berliner klin. Wochenschr._, 1883, No. 42.]