2. Pleurodynia, myalgia pectoralis or intercostalis. Here the affected muscles are the intercostals, and in some cases the pectorals as well. Spasmodic pain is felt in one or other side of the chest, and is especially aggravated by the movements of respiration; it is rendered intense by the efforts of coughing or sneezing. Pleurodynia may be confounded with pleurisy, the distinguishing features being the absence of fever and the friction sound of pleurisy. Intercostal neuralgia is sometimes with difficulty known from pleurodynia, but in the former the pain is more circumscribed, more paroxysmal, and more easily aggravated by pressure than in pleurodynia, and when severe there are tender points in the course of the nerve a little outside of the middle line posteriorly (dorsal point) and anteriorly (sternal point). Now and then the hyperæsthetic {78} areas become anæsthetic, and even patches of herpes may form in the course of the nerve, when doubt can no longer remain. From periostitis of a rib pleurodynia may be known by the fact that in the one the tenderness is marked in the intercostal space, and in the other in the rib itself. Pleurodynia is a frequent accompaniment of thoracic affections, causing cough, the frequent paroxysms of coughing tending to induce a painful state of the overworked muscles. The pain, which may be very great, can often be controlled by fixing the chest with imbricated plaster or a firm bandage. Dry cups sometimes answer very well; if more active measures are necessary, then hypodermic injections of morphia must be resorted to. 3. Torticollis, myalgia cervicalis, stiff neck or wry neck, caput obstipum. This term includes those cases of rheumatic idiopathic affection of one or more of the muscles of the side and nape of the neck, which fixes the head firmly in the median line or else in a twisted fashion, with the face turned toward the sound side. The disease can be recognized at a glance by the peculiar manner in which a person will turn his whole body round instead of rotating his head alone. It is much more common in children than in adults. The sterno-mastoid is the muscle chiefly affected, but any of the muscles of the neck may become rheumatic in the same way, and frequently several of them suffer at the same time. The most important point at the outset of an attack of wry neck is to determine whether we have to do with a true rheumatic (idiopathic) disorder, or whether the muscular stiffness is secondary to some spinal or vertebral lesion. The diagnosis is usually founded upon the suddenness of the onset, the absence of other symptoms of nerve disease, and the rapid course of the case, terminating in a cure in a few days. There is nothing special in the treatment of torticollis beyond what has been already said under the general heading.