The third group is made up of those cases in which there is disease of the nerves or muscles of the larynx itself. It seems to be true that in most of these patients there is a derangement of the general nutrition; but this is not all: there is also a special morbid condition of these special structures. For degeneration of the muscles of the larynx there is probably no remedy; for atrophy there may be something done by different methods of exercising the muscles. The use of electricity when the muscles are still responsive to the current should be attempted. Regular applications by which they are thrown into action may result in the improvement of their nutrition. The use of them so far as they are phonators, without carrying it to the extent of producing fatigue, is also indicated. In addition to these local measures, tonics for the purpose of improving the general condition may be administered. Strychnia, with the purpose of stimulating the centres, will also be found in some cases useful. When the disease is partial, as in the case of the posterior crico-arytenoids, such operative measures as have been already indicated must be resorted to. The purpose is to prolong life, even though we cannot cure the disease. The fourth group, the paralyses of reflex origin, are generally within the reach of treatment; at least, they usually recover. They depend for the most part, as will be remembered, upon some disorder of distant organs. There is primarily no disease of the larynx, and not necessarily even a secondary disorder of its structures. It is true that long inaction may result in atrophy of the muscular structure, but this is, I am convinced, a rare exception to the rule that in hysterical paralysis there is maintained a complete integrity of the muscles of the organ, even though the parts have been for years in a state of inaction. For some reason, the nutrition is maintained much better than in paralysis from other cases. The trophic nerves are evidently not involved. The treatment should be both local and general. It should be directed to the larynx and to the distant part upon which the motor disorder of the larynx depends. So far as the larynx is concerned, we know of nothing better than electricity. The faradic current, by which the muscles are stimulated and the nervous energies awakened, seems to be most useful. The method of applying electricity to the larynx may be varied according to the nature of the case and the age of the patient. In young children the current should be directed through the walls of the larynx from side to side or from before backward. It should be repeated every day if possible. In adults the current may with advantage be passed through the larynx from within outward or from one side to the other. This may be accomplished by the use of Mackenzie's laryngeal electrode. The instrument is either single or double. Armed with a sponge and bent to the proper curve, one pole