In catarrhal laryngitis stenosis begins abruptly and suddenly, and is often at its height a few minutes after the commencement of the attack. Remission sets in soon, is more marked, sometimes complete, and a new attack, just as sudden as the first, may occur in the next night. Real cyanosis is but rarely developed; when it is, it changes soon into a more normal condition. Catarrhal laryngitis in the child is a febrile disease. In it the cough changes after a little time, some moisture mixes with the expectoration and changes both cough and articulation; also, the voice is not equally husky; now and then a clear note comes in. Close inspection of the throat exhibits sometimes a thick, viscid mucus floating up and down with the excursions of the larynx in catarrh. It never has any membranous expectoration. Local oedematous swelling of the ary-epiglottic folds, with or without membranous deposits in some other parts of the larynx, yields all the symptoms of membranous croup with its dangers and death-rate. The effect of this oedema is partial paralysis of the vocal cords. Thus, inspiration is impeded, as in membranous obstruction; expiration, however, is free and the voice intact to a certain extent. This local oedema may be detected by palpation. General oedema of the larynx (glottis) is fortunately rare. The attack is very sudden; there is no cold, no hoarseness, no choking cough, no membrane; there is only dyspnoea, gasping, asphyxia, sopor, and death, unless relief is given almost instantaneously. The presence of a foreign body has been mistaken sometimes for membranous laryngitis. The history is a different one; there was no prodromal catarrh; the children were taken suddenly while playing or eating. The laryngoscope would be a great aid in diagnosis if it could be used during the distress of a membranous laryngitis. Still, it has been employed by Ziemssen, Rauchfuss, and others. But the opportunities are rare. TREATMENT.--The objects of treatment differ with the various stages of the disease. The inflammatory symptoms of the commencement, the completed exudation, the maceration and disintegration, and also the expectoration of the pseudo-membranes, and, finally, the asphyctic stage, have each their own indications. If there is anything which must not be recommended, it is depletion. Fortunately, there are but few practitioners left who still apply leeches or employ more general depletion, but these few are still doing too much harm by their practice and teaching. The application of ice, however, in bags over and near the larynx, and of iced cloths frequently changed, combined with the swallowing of small pieces of ice from time to time, is apt to be beneficial in well-nourished, hearty children. Such as have been anæmic, with thin muscles and pale mucous membranes, do not bear it so well.