The nerves of the larynx are derived from the pneumogastrics. The superior laryngeal is mainly a nerve of sensation for the parts above the edges of the vocal bands. There are some notable exceptions to this statement: a branch, external, descends to the crico-thyroid muscles and is motor in its function. Filaments from the superior laryngeal endowed with motor functions are also distributed to the folds extending from the arytenoids to the epiglottis; these are the ary-epiglottidean bands, and are concerned in the movements of the epiglottis. It is probable that the arytenoids are also in part supplied by the superior laryngeal; in other words, that both the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves are mixed, branches from the spinal accessory, as well as from the pneumogastric proper, entering to each of these nerves. Beclard[1] states that the one, the spinal accessory, is a nerve of phonation; the other, the pneumogastric, is a nerve of respiration. The sensations of the mucous surfaces below the glottis depend upon filaments from the pneumogastrics returned along with the motor fibres from the spinal accessory. The two orders of fibres go to make up the recurrents. The relations of the recurrents themselves to the large vessels, as well as to the bronchial glands, are of importance. At the point of their origin they are in close relation with the aorta and right subclavian; they are also in close relation with the top of the lungs. Disease of these organs and structures, especially of the large blood-vessels, such as aneurism of the aorta or subclavian, disease of the glands, tumors, abscess, traumatism, etc., may modify or completely destroy the functions of the laryngeal nerves. In short, anything or any condition by which pressure may be made upon the pneumogastrics or recurrents may become a cause of nervous disturbance in the larynx. In addition to this general source of innervation, Elsberg[2] describes a special centre of sensation for the throat in the medulla oblongata. He also describes three kinds of sensibility in the larynx--tactile, dolorous, and reflex. Rossbach[3] details experiments from which he concludes that there are nerve-cells in {61} the mucous membrane of the larynx which preside over the function of secretion. The larynx is endowed with at least two kinds of sensibility: the one tactile--when exalted it becomes painful; the other, reflex sensibility, is double. First, there is as a result of excitement a contraction of the subjacent muscle, and there follows closure of the glottis. This is seen in the application of irritants to the parts, such as solutions of nitrate of silver or other escharotics. There is no cough, but great difficulty of inspiration. Expiration is free and easy. There may follow some degree of pain for several hours. It will be seen that the phenomena are the same as those observed in the irritation of other mucous surfaces. The irritation is immediately