3. That with the same gun and elevation, the time of the ball's flight is nearly as the range. 4. That no sensible difference is produced in the range or velocity, by varying the weight of the gun, by the use of wads, by different degrees of ramming, or by firing the charge of powder in different parts of it. 5. That a great difference, however, in the velocity, is occasioned by a small variation in the windage; so much so, indeed, that with the usual windage of one-twentieth of the caliber, no less than between one-third and one-fourth of the whole charge of the powder escapes and is entirely lost; and that as the windage is often greater, one-half the powder is unnecessarily lost. 6. That the resisting force of wood to balls fired into it, is not constant, and that the depths penetrated by different velocities, or charges, are not as the charges themselves, or, which comes to the same thing, as the squares of the velocities. 7. That balls are greatly deflected from the direction they are projected in, sometimes, indeed, so much as 300 or 400 yards in a range of a mile, or almost a fourth part of the whole range, which is nearly a deflection of an angle of 15 degrees. The observations of Glenie, (_History of Gunnery_, 1776,) show the theory of projectiles in vacuo by plain geometry, or by means of the square and rhombus; with a method of reducing projections on inclined planes, whether elevated or depressed below the horizontal plane, to those which are made on the horizon.