Gunpowder. Saltpetre. Sulphur. Charcoal. Camphor. Beeswax. Glue, rosin. Cotton yarn for quick match. Brandy or other spirits. Gum arabic. Linseed oil. Spirits of turpentine. Pitch. Reeds or quills for priming fuses. Mutton tallow. Vinegar. Thread for tying quick match. Cartridge paper. Thread, tow and spun yarn, to make match rope. Cordage, to make tourteaux. Flour to make paste. The characters used to express certain substances employed in fire-works, are the following: (_James's Mil. Dict._ p. 101.) M. means meal powder, ⊝. Saltpetre. C. Z. Crude sulphur. C. S. Sea coal. S. x Steel or iron filings. G. x Glass dust. C. I. Cast iron. X. Camphor. B. L. Lampblack. L. S. Lapis Calaminaris. W. Spirits of wine. P. O. Oil of spike. ∋. Corn powder. Z. Brimstone. C. + Charcoal. B. R. Beech raspings. B. x Brass dust. T. x Tanners' dust. C. A. Crude antimony. A. Y. Yellow amber. G. I. Isinglass. ⩀. Gum. S. T. Spirits of turpentine. _Sec. II. Of Mandrils and Cylinders for forming Cartridges and Cases._ The rollers or rods, on which cartridges are formed, ought to be solid, and perfectly straight and round. Very dry, sound wood should be selected, and when turned, the rod should be perfectly cylindrical; one extremity being concave, and the other convex. Mandrils may be made of copper, which is preferable to wood, as this is apt to warp and crack; and in both cases, should be longer than the cartridge, so as to be drawn out easily. They are of different lengths and diameters, according to their respective uses. _Sec. III. Of Rammers, Chargers, and Mallets._ The rammers which are used for compression, are cylindrical like the preceding. They have a head much larger in dimensions than the part that enters the tube. (See A, B, C, D, and E of Fig. 1. in the Plate). Besides being made of wood, which should be of the hardest kind, as _lignum vitæ_, they may be formed of copper or brass. In this case, they are first cast of the requisite size and shape, and finished in a lathe. Wooden heads are sometimes put to them, but with little advantage; as they frequently split and require to be renewed. The wooden rammer may be struck with metal; but when the rammer is of copper or brass, wooden mallets must be always employed.