When the bladder is emptied, sterile hot water may be introduced through the funnel and the process of withdrawal repeated. The mucus, pus, or blood which had remained in the bladder after evacuating the urine may be examined as the water flows into the funnel. This process may be repeated several times if necessary to wash out the bladder. The water should be about the temperature of the body (100° F.). It is less irritating to the mucous membrane if there is dissolved in it boracic acid or common table salt, about 1 dram to the pint, though these ingredients should not be added if they act chemically on the substances subsequently used in the medicated solution. The quantity of water introduced into the bladder may be regulated by the feelings of the patient. The distention of the bladder should never be great enough to cause pain. Usually an ounce of fluid is all that can at first be tolerated without producing pain. As improvement takes place more fluid may be introduced in the subsequent treatments. After the bladder has been washed out in this way, applications may be made to the interior by pouring through the funnel the desired medicated solution, the most useful one being a weak solution of nitrate of silver (gr. j or ij to ℥j). This solution should be retained in the bladder for a few minutes, and should then be withdrawn. A solution of sulphate of copper (gr. j-iv to ℥j) is also useful. At first daily irrigation and application should be thus practised. As the case improves the intervals between the treatments should be lengthened. This local treatment should always be combined with the general treatment already prescribed--rest in bed if possible, a milk diet, and the administration of boracic acid internally. _Application through the Endoscope._--If the endoscope is used in the first place for diagnosis in a case of chronic cystitis, much time that might otherwise be wasted in unnecessary or useless forms of treatment may be saved. The condition of the parts maybe accurately determined, and the proper form of treatment may be instituted. It may, for instance, be seen that deep ulceration is present, or that other lesions of the bladder are so extensive that the quickest plan of cure will be to proceed immediately to the formation of a vesico-vaginal fistula, without attempting to treat the disease by applications. Applications may be readily made through the endoscope to any part of the interior of the bladder. Applications made in this way are most useful when the disease is localized. Stronger solutions may be used on the affected areas than when the application is made to the whole surface of the organ.