These red patches are larger than the surface of the everted mucous membrane of the cervical canal; they are continuous with, but extend beyond the limits of, this mucous membrane. It is said that this increase is occasioned by proliferation of the epithelium that lines the cervical glands. As a substitute for the misleading term “ulceration,” applied to this condition, there have been proposed the terms “erosion,” “ectropion,” or “eversion” of the mucous membrane, and “catarrhal patch.” A true ulcerated surface is sometimes found on a lacerated cervix as a result of excessive irritation, but such a condition is rare. As the laceration occurs in the cervix before involution has begun, this process is impeded, so that a state of subinvolution of the cervix results, and the part remains hypertrophied or much larger than normal. The cervical glands share in this condition of subinvolution, retaining much of the increased size and activity that are normal in the pregnant state. Changes due to chronic congestion and inflammation also take place. The connective tissue increases in amount, and the cervix becomes hard, indurated, or sclerotic. The racemose glands, which open upon the cervical mucous membrane, become inflamed, and, as a result of change in the consistency of the glandular secretion or of obstruction of the gland-orifices, retention takes place, with the production of small cysts called Nabothian cysts. Such cysts often extend peripherally, so that the distal end of the occluded gland approaches the vaginal aspect of the cervix, and appears beneath the mucous membrane as a translucent vesicle about the size of a small pea. Puncture of such a vesicle permits the escape of a drop of gelatinous fluid. The whole of the body of the cervix may be filled with innumerable cysts of this kind, of varying size. When projecting beneath the mucous membrane they feel like small shot imbedded in the cervix. A cervix in this condition is said to have undergone cystic degeneration. The inflammation of the lower exposed portion of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal extends upward, so that a condition of general chronic cervical catarrh results. This exceedingly common disease is usually caused by laceration of the cervix. The focus of continuous irritation in the cervix interferes with the normal involution of the body of the uterus, so that there occurs a condition of uterine subinvolution, which may be the cause of the chief symptoms with which the woman suffers. The endometrium shares in the subinvolution, and, as a consequence of this, and perhaps also from extension of inflammation from the cervical mucous membrane, various forms of endometritis may occur.