A Text-book of Entomology: Including the Anatomy, Physiology, Embryology and Metamorphoses of Insects for Use in Agricultural and Technical Schools and Colleges as Well as by the Working EntomologistPackard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
Science
A Text-book of Entomology: Including the Anatomy, Physiology, Embryology and Metamorphoses of Insects for Use in Agricultural and Technical Schools and Colleges as Well as by the Working Entomologist
Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
Insects
In _Chlænius tomentosus_ there are about half as many of these
organs as in Harpalus, while in Calosoma there are 90 taste-cups, 45
on each side, under the base of the labrum. The cups are
papilliform, being rather high, with a seta arising from each.
In the Cicindelidæ, the epipharynx bears a sensory field quite
different from that of the Carabidæ. There are no normal taste-cups,
except a few situated on two large, round, raised areas which are
guarded in front by a few very long setæ. On the surface of each
area are numerous very long setæ which may, if not tactile, have
some other sense, as they arise from cup-like bases or cells. Those
on the outside are like true taste-cups, with a bristle but little
larger than normal in taste-cups generally. We are disposed to
regard this sensory field as a highly specialized gustatory
apparatus.
In the Dyticidæ the taste-cups are nearly as described in the
Carabidæ.
The Staphylinidæ are not well provided with taste-organs. Under the
clypeus of _Staphylinus violaceus_, on each side near the middle, is
a bare rounded area, in which are situated 4 or 5 papilliform
taste-cups, and at the base behind them is another linear group of
about 7 slenderer, somewhat curved, taste-cups. In the Elateridæ
these organs are scantily developed.
In the Buprestidæ (_Buprestis maculiventris_ alone examined) no true
taste-cups were detected. On the other hand, the Lampyridæ are well
supplied with them. Under the clypeus is situated a sensory field
bearing 26 taste-cups, which are rather smaller than usual. Over the
epipharyngeal surface are scattered a few taste-cups, but they are
small and perhaps not gustatory. Under the clypeus of _Lucidota
punctata_ Lec. is a group of 12 taste-cups, and in the middle region
of the epipharynx, situated in a field extending from near the base
to near the front edge, are about 40 taste-cups, which, however, are
not, as is usual, arranged on each side of the median line, but are
scattered among the hairs of the pilose surface of the epipharynx.
In the Cleridæ the taste-cups are few in number.
In the great family of Scarabæidæ, the presence of gustatory organs
is variable. None occur in _Lucanus dama_, though in the June beetle
(_Lachnosterna fusca_ Fröhl.) they are abundantly developed. The
epipharynx bears on each side outside of a spiny area a group of
about 50 taste-cups, each bearing a long seta, those on the outside
of the area passing into a few high, rather slender, papillæ,
without a seta. On the under side of the clypeus is a median group
of 10 taste-cups of singular form, the cups being large, with broad
bases, which posteriorly bear three spines, of which the median one
is the largest.
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