GARNET. We may next consider the _garnets_, as most of them are somewhat harder than quartz. As was said in Lesson XVIII. in our study of mineral species, there are several types of garnets, characterized by similarity of chemical composition, or at least by analogy of composition, but, having specific differences of property. The names used by jewelers for the several types of garnets ought to be a fairly true indication as to the type in hand in a particular case. At present there is considerable confusion in the naming of garnets. The most common practice is to call all garnets of a purplish-red color "almandines." As many such garnets belong to the mineral species _almandite garnet_, there is little objection to the continuance of this practice. The somewhat less dense, and less hard blood red garnets are properly called "_pyrope garnets_" (literally "fire" garnets). Many of the Arizona garnets belong in this division. The term "Arizona _rubies_" should _not_ be used. As was said under ruby, nothing but red corundum should receive that title. Similarly the pyrope garnet of the diamond mines of South Africa is incorrectly called "Cape ruby." Pyrope and almandite garnet tend to merge in composition and in properties, and the beautiful "_Rhodolite_" garnets of Macon County, North Carolina, are between the two varieties in composition, in color, and in other properties. _Hessonite garnet_ furnishes yellowish-red and brownish-red stones, which are sometimes also called "cinnamon stones." They are also frequently and incorrectly called jacinth or hyacinth, terms which, as we have seen, should be reserved for yellow and red zircon, respectively. _Andradite garnet_ furnishes brilliant green stones, which have been incorrectly named "Olivines" by the trade. The name is unfortunate as it is identical with the true name of the mineral which gives us peridot. The name does not even suggest the color of these garnets correctly, as they are seldom olive green in shade. As the scarcity of fine specimens and their great beauty make a fairly high price necessary, the public would hardly pay it for anything that was called "garnet," as garnets are regarded as common and cheap. Perhaps the adoption of the name "_Demantoid_" might relieve the situation. The stones are frequently referred to as "demantoid garnets" on account of their diamond-like luster and dispersion. The use of "demantoid" alone, if a noun may be made from the adjective, would avoid both the confusion with the mineral olivine, and the cheapening effect of the word garnet, and would at the same time suggest some of the most striking properties of the material. "_Spodumene_" furnishes pink to lilac "_Kunzite_," named after Dr. George F. Kunz, the gem expert, and for a time an emerald green variety was had from North Carolina which became known as "_Hiddenite_," after its discoverer, W. E. Hidden. No confusion of naming seems to have arisen in regard to this mineral.