Table, analyses of spring and river waters, 89 ----, capacity of air for moisture, 249 ----, head for passing air, 253 ----, heating effect of pipes, 250 ----, hygrometric, 249 ----, reactions of tannins, 112 ----, standard solutions, 97 Tan burning furnaces, 164 ---- liquor, determining free acids in, 108-11 Tanneries, construction, 231-42 ----, maintenance, 231-42 Tanning defined, 1 ---- materials, commerce, 270 ---- ----, commercial, 23-56 ---- ----, exhausting, 161-8 ---- ---- for sole leather, 157-68 ---- ----, grinding, 158-61 Tannins, action on gelatin, 57 ----, analysing, 118-31 ----, bloom from, 62 ----, characters, 57-8 ----, chemistry of, 57-82 ----, classification, 64 ----, constitution, 76-82 ----, decomposition by acids, 68-73 ----, ---- by heat, 65 ----, exhausting, 117 ----, general chemistry, 59-64 ----, ---- methods of examination, 65-75 ----, preparation, 58 ----, products of decomposition by heat, 65-8 ----, purification, 58 ----, qualitative detection, 111-4 ----, quantitative determination, 114-31 ----, reagents for analysing, 120-3 ----, sampling, 116 ----, table of reactions, 112 Taps for exhausting tan, 164-8 Tawed leather, 223 Tawhero towai bark, 56 Tawing defined, 1 Tecoma bark, 56 Terminalia fruits, 38 Terra japonica, 23-5, 29-31 Tiffany's bate, 185 Tipuana wood, 40 Trade in skins, 255-70 Transparent hide-sections, 13 Traubeneiche bark, 38 Turkey galls, 26-8 Turret driers, 245 Tutu tannin, 54 Uncaria extract, 29-31 Undressed leather, commerce, 265 ---- skins, commerce, 263 Unhairing hides, 139-56 ---- ---- by lime, 139-45 ---- ---- by sulphides, 147-50 ---- ---- by sweating, 145-7 Valonia, 50-3 ----, commerce, 271 ---- for sole leather, 157 Varnished leather, commerce, 265 Vélanèdes, 50-3 Ventilation of drying-sheds, 246 Virginia creeper, 67 Wagatea pods, 56 Walrus skins, 263 Wash leather, 210-2 Water as used in tanning, 83-9 ----, counteracting chlorides in, 87 ----, detecting various impurities in, 99 ----, dissolved mineral matters in, 84 ----, effect of salt in, 86 ----, estimating chlorine in, 98 ----, ---- hardness of, 97 ----, examination of, 97-100 ----, filtering, 83 ----, hardness of, 85 ----, influence on plumping, 85 ----, permanent hardness of, 84 ----, suspended matters in, 83 ----, table of spring and river, 89 Wattle-bark, 34-8 ---- ---- plantations, 36-7 Weinmannia bark, 56 Wet hides, commerce, 263 Whawhako tannin, 54 Whitening in currying, 195 Wilson's spring butt-roller, 181 ---- striking machine, 181 Wu-pei-tze galls, 29 LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. * * * * * Transcriber Note