The new style, reaching, and in time overcoming, the conservatism of the Church, overthrew the old basilican traditions. In +S. Agostino+ (1479-83), by _Pietrasanta_, and +S. M. del Popolo+, by Pintelli (?), piers with pilasters or half-columns and massive arches separate the aisles, and the crossing is crowned with a dome. To the same period belong the Sistine chapel and parts of the Vatican palace, but the interest of these lies rather in their later decorations than in their somewhat scanty architectural merit. The architectural renewal of Rome, thus begun, reached its culmination in the following period. +OTHER MONUMENTS.+ The complete enumeration of even the most important Early Renaissance monuments of Italy is impossible within our limits. Two or three only can here be singled out as suggesting types. Among town halls of this period the first place belongs to the +P. del Consiglio+ at Verona, by _Fra Giocondo_ (1435-1515). In this beautiful edifice the façade consists of a light and graceful arcade supporting a wall pierced with four windows, and covered with elaborate frescoed arabesques (recently restored). Its unfortunate division by pilasters into four bays, with a pier in the centre, is a blemish avoided in the contemporary +P. del Consiglio+ at Padua. The +Ducal Palace+ at Urbino, by _Luciano da Laurano_ (1468), is noteworthy for its fine arcaded court, and was highly famed in its day. At Brescia +S. M. dei Miracoli+ is a remarkable example of a cruciform domical church dating from the close of this period, and is especially celebrated for the exuberant decoration of its porch and its elaborate detail. Few campaniles were built in this period; the best of them are at Venice. Naples possesses several interesting Early Renaissance monuments, chief among which are the +Porta Capuana+ (1484), by _Giul. da Majano_, the triumphal +Arch of Alphonso+ of Arragon, by _Pietro di Martino_, and the +P. Gravina+, by _Gab. d’Agnolo_. Naples is also very rich in minor works of the early Renaissance, in which it ranks with Florence, Venice, and Rome. CHAPTER XXI. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY--_Continued_. THE ADVANCED RENAISSANCE AND DECLINE. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: As before, Burckhardt, Cicognara, Fergusson, Palustre. Also, Gauthier, _Les plus beaux edifices de Gênes_. Geymüller, _Les projets primitifs pour la basilique de St. Pierre de Rome_. Gurlitt, _Geschichte des Barockstiles in Italien_. Letarouilly, _Édifices de Rome Moderne_; _Le Vatican_. Palladio, _The Works of A. Palladio_.