INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: Cole, _Monographs of Ancient Monuments of India_. Conder, _Notes on Japanese Architecture_ (in Transactions of R.I.B.A., for 1886). Cunningham, _Archæological Survey of India_. Fergusson, _Indian and Eastern Architecture_; _Picturesque Illustrations of Indian Architecture_. Le Bon, _Les Monuments de l’Inde_. Morse, _Japanese Houses_. Stirling, _Asiatic Researches_. Consult also the _Journal_ and the _Transactions_ of the Royal Asiatic Society. +INTRODUCTORY NOTE.+ The architecture of the non-Moslem countries and races of Asia has been reserved for this closing chapter, in order not to interrupt the continuity of the history of European styles, with which it has no affinity and scarcely even a point of contact. Among them all, India alone has produced monuments of great architectural importance. The buildings of China and Japan, although interesting for their style, methods, and detail, and so deserving at least of brief mention, are for the most part of moderate size and of perishable materials. Outside of these three countries there is little to interest the general student of architecture. +INDIA: PERIODS.+ It is difficult to classify the non-Mohammedan styles of India, owing to their frequently overlapping, both geographically and artistically; while the lack of precise dates in Indian literature makes the chronology of many of the monuments more or less doubtful. The divisions given below are a modification of those first established by Fergusson, and are primarily based on the three great religions, with geographical subdivisions, as follows: THE BUDDHIST STYLE, from the reign of Asoka, _cir._ 250 B.C., to the 7th century A.D. Its monuments occupy mainly a broad band running northeast and southwest, between the Indian Desert and the Dekkan. Offshoots of the style are found as far north as Gandhara, and as far south as Ceylon. THE JAINA STYLE, akin to the preceding if not derived from it, covering the same territory as well as southern India; from 1000 A.D. to the present time. THE BRAHMAN or HINDU STYLES, extending over the whole peninsula. They are sub-divided geographically into the NORTHERN BRAHMAN, the CHALUKYAN in the Dekkan, and the DRAVIDIAN in the south; this last style being coterminous with the populations speaking the Tamil and cognate languages. The monuments of these styles are mainly subsequent to the 10th century, though a few date as far back as the 7th. The great majority of Indian monuments are religious--temples, shrines, and monasteries. Secular buildings do not appear until after the Moslem conquests, and most of them are quite modern.