The =ischium= has a twisted appearance owing to the fact that its acetabular part is nearly sagittal while the posterior part is almost horizontal. The two bones also diverge behind and the tubera are flattened and everted. The superior ischiatic spine is low and thick; its posterior part is marked by transverse grooves and has a prominent outer lip. There is no lesser sciatic notch. The ischial arch is relatively small and is semi-elliptical. [Illustration: FIG. 134.—OSSA COXARUM OF DOG, LEFT POSTERIOR VIEW. _a_. Crest; _b_, _c_, internal angle; _d_, great sciatic notch; _e_, _f_, external angle; _g_, posterior gluteal line; _h_, gluteal fossa of wing; _i_, shaft of ilium; _k_, anterior gluteal line; _l_, auricular surface; _m_, ilio-pectineal line; _n_, depression for origin of rectus femoris; _o_, acetabulum; _p_, acetabular, and _q_, symphyseal branch of pubis; _r_, psoas tubercle; _s_, obturator foramen; _s′_, obturator notch; _t_, line for origin of coccygeus; _u_, superior ischiatic spine; _v_, external border of ischium; _w_, tuber ischii; _x_, ischial arch. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Hundes.) ] [Illustration: FIG. 135.—LEFT FEMUR OF DOG, ANTERIOR VIEW. _a_, Head; _b_, neck; _c_, trochanter major; _d_, trochanter minor; _e_, rudimentary trochanter tertius; _f_, rough line; _g_, trochlea; _h_, _i_, condyles; _k_, suprapatellar fossa. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Hundes.) ] [Illustration: FIG. 136.—LEFT TIBIA AND FIBULA OF DOG, ANTERO-EXTERNAL VIEW. _A_, Tibia; _B_, fibula; _a_, external condyle of tibia; _b_, spine; _c_, crest of tibia; _d_, muscular notch; _e_, internal malleolus; _f_, head of fibula; _g_, interosseous space; _h_, external malleolus (distal end of fibula); _i_, groove for tendon. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Hundes.) ] The symphyseal part of the =pubis= is thick and fuses late with the opposite bone. There is no subpubic groove. The =acetabulum= is about twice as far from the external angle of the ilium as from the tuber ischii. The fossa acetabuli is deep, and is bounded internally by a flat plate of bone; its floor is so thin as to be translucent. There is a small notch behind. The =obturator foramen= resembles in outline an equilateral triangle with the angles rounded off. [Illustration: FIG. 137.—SKELETON OF DISTAL PART OF PELVIC LIMB OF DOG, EXTERNAL VIEW. _6_, Tibial tarsal bone; _7_, fibular tarsal; _8_, central tarsal; _9_, second tarsal; _10_, third tarsal; _11_, fourth tarsal; _12_, metatarsal bones; _13_, first phalanx. The first tarsal bone is not visible in the figure. (After Leisering’s Atlas.) ] The inlet of the =pelvis= is very oblique. It is almost circular in the female, but in the male it is elliptical and the conjugate diameter is the longer. The cavity is narrowest between the acetabula, and very wide behind. The floor is concave and relatively narrow in front, wide and flat behind.