The superficial inferior sesamoidean ligament is absent. The middle
inferior sesamoidean ligaments of each digit are two short strong bands
which extend from the distal margins of the sesamoids to the proximal
ends of the first phalanges. The deep inferior sesamoidean ligaments are
strong and distinctly crucial.
[Illustration:
FIG. 169.—LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS OF DIGITS OF PIG, VOLAR VIEW.
_a_, Superficial flexor tendon; _b_, deep flexor tendon; _b′_,
branches of _b_ to accessory digits; _c_, _c′_, annular ligaments;
_d-d‴_, ligaments of accessory digits; _e_, cruciate interdigital
ligaments; _f_, _f′_, spiral band around the flexor tendons of the
accessory digits; _g_, abductor of accessory digit.
(Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Haustiere.)
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 170.—LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS OF PAW OF DOG, HIND LIMB, VOLAR VIEW.
_a_, _a′_, Superficial flexor tendon; _b_, tendon to large pad; _c_,
lumbricales muscles; _d_, interossei muscles; _e_, _f_, annular
ligaments at metatarsophalangeal joints; _g_, suspensory ligament of
large pad; _h_, digital annular ligaments; _i_, deep flexor tendon;
_k_, distal sesamoid; _l_, suspensory ligament of _k_; _m_,
suspensory ligament of digital pad; _n_, digital pads.
(Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Haustiere.)
]
The suspensory or superior sesamoidean ligament is more distinctly
muscular than in the horse—indeed in the young animal it consists almost
entirely of muscular tissue. At the distal third of the metacarpus it
divides into three branches. These give rise to five subdivisions,
either by bifurcation of the lateral branches or trifurcation of the
middle branch. The four lateral bands end on the sesamoid bones and the
distal end of the large metacarpal bone, and detach slips to the
extensor tendons. The middle band passes through the groove between the
two divisions of the distal end of the metacarpus, and divides into two
branches which join the tendons of the proper extensors of the digits;
it sends fibers also to the interdigital lateral ligaments and to the
central sesamoids. About the middle of the metacarpus the suspensory
ligament detaches a band which unites lower down with the superficial
flexor tendon, thus inclosing the tendon of the deep flexor of the
digit; it also blends with the thick fascia of the region. The latter
gives off a band on either side to the accessory digits, and a tendinous
band descends from each accessory digit to the third phalanx and
sesamoid bone, blending with the tendon of the corresponding proper
extensor.
=Pig.=—There are four metacarpo-phalangeal joints, each of which has a
capsule, lateral, intersesamoidean, and crucial sesamoidean ligaments.
Since distinct interosseous muscles are present, there are, of course,
no suspensory ligaments.
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