_Nerve-supply._—Obturator and saphenous nerves. SECOND LAYER 1. =Pectineus= (Figs. 180, 451, 456).—This muscle is fusiform and extends from the anterior border of the pubis to the middle of the inner border of the femur. _Origin._—The prepubic tendon, the pubo-femoral ligament, and the anterior border of the pubis. _Insertion._—The middle of the internal border of the femur, near the nutrient foramen. _Action._—To adduct the limb and flex the hip joint. _Structure._—The belly is cylindrical and contains little fibrous tissue. Its origin is perforated by the pubo-femoral ligament, and is thus divided into two unequal parts. The large upper part arises mainly from the prepubic tendon—only a very small part gaining direct attachment to the pubis. The small lower part does not reach the bone. The insertion is pointed and tendinous. _Relations._—Superficially, the gracilis; deeply, the femur, the vastus internus, the terminal tendon of the psoas major and iliacus, and the deep femoral artery; anteriorly, the sartorius, the femoral vessels, the saphenous nerve, and the deep inguinal lymph glands; posteriorly, the adductor, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris, and the obturator nerve (anterior division). _Blood-supply._—Femoral and deep femoral arteries. _Nerve-supply._—Femoral and obturator nerves. The _femoral canal_ is exposed in the dissection of the preceding muscles (Figs. 200, 451). It is bounded anteriorly by the sartorius, posteriorly by the pectineus, and externally by the iliacus and vastus internus. Its internal wall is formed by the femoral fascia and the gracilis. Its upper or abdominal opening (Lacuna vasorum) lies behind and a little internal to the internal inguinal ring and is bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament, posteriorly by the anterior border of the pubis, and externally by the tendon of the psoas minor. The canal terminates below at the insertion of the pectineus. It contains the deep inguinal lymph glands, the femoral artery and vein, and the saphenous nerve. 2. =Adductor=[66] (Figs. 179, 186, 451) (Great and small adductors of the thigh).—This fleshy, prismatic muscle lies behind the pectineus and vastus internus. It extends downward and forward from the ventral surface of the pelvis to the internal condyle of the femur. _Origin._—The ventral surface of the pubis and ischium and the tendon of the gracilis. _Insertion._—(1) The posterior surface of the femur from the level of the external trochanter to the groove for the femoral vessels; (2) the internal epicondyle of the femur and the internal lateral ligament of the stifle joint. _Action._—To adduct the limb and assist in extending the hip joint. It may also rotate the femur outward.