The general appearance of the child must be carefully considered, whether the child is properly developed and whether or not there are any deformities. The chiropractor should look for dyspnea and other objective symptoms. A very careful inspection should be made of the spine to determine any malformations or marked curvatures. The character of the cry is sometimes important, as for instance in pneumonia or bronchitis there is a short, catchy cry; the cry of laryngitis and croup will be hoarse. In extreme prostration, as in many cases of malnutrition, the cry will be very feeble. Respiration Since the chiropractor must depend almost entirely upon objective symptoms and upon the palpation of the infant in determining the character of the incoördination he should be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the normal child. The rate of respiration of the infant, especially during sleep, is of some importance. The following table is given by Holt and Howland and indicates the normal rate of respiration at different ages: At birth 35 per minute At the end of the first year 27 ” ” At two years 25 ” ” At six years 22 ” ” At twelve years 20 ” ” Respiration is very much faster than this when the child is awake. If the child is at all active it may be twice as fast. It is advisable to observe the respiration to determine whether it is normal or labored, shallow or deep, regular or irregular. Irregularity of respiration in infants is characteristic and must not be mistaken for indications of incoördination. The least excitement will disturb the rhythm; as a matter of fact, the only time there will be perfect rhythm is during sleep. In observing infants it will be found that the lungs sometimes do not expand equally. This is due to the delicate muscular walls of the thorax and does not necessarily indicate incoördination. It is well to take this into consideration when observing the infant. This must be very carefully considered when incoördinations of the lungs are suspected. Placed in certain positions one lung may expand very much more than the other in normal respiration; or in some positions, and sometimes for unknown reasons, there may be practically no expansion in one lung for a short time. This peculiarity is due to the inability of Innate to maintain adaptation through the delicate structures of the thorax to the atmospheric pressure. This might be very misleading and result in the conclusion that one lung was badly affected when there would be nothing at all wrong. However, if there are symptoms which indicate an incoördination in the lungs there should be a very careful palpation made of the upper dorsal region to locate the subluxation and the hot box.