=CHRISTIAN EUROPE.= | =MOSLEM ARABIA.= | Anti-Jewish legislation by | King Jussef of Yemen the higher clergy in | converted to Judaism 500 Gaul 525 | (Mar Zutra II, Martyr in Jews defend Naples for | Persia) 520 the Ostragoths 536 | Samuel Ibn Adija, hero Laws of Justinian 541 | and poet, fl 540 | Mohammed, born 570 | Jews persecuted by King | =The Hegira= 622 =Sisebut= 612 | Jews defeated at the Battle | of the Foss 627 Jews forbidden to enter | Arabian Jewish tribes Jerusalem 628 | lose their independence 628 | Mohammedans take Palestine 638 Anti-Jewish edicts in | Bostanai, Resh Galutha Spanish Peninsula 681 | at Babylonia 639 | Moslem Conquest of Spain, 711. CHAPTER XXXVIII. BEGINNING OF THE JEWISH MIDDLE AGES. In the Byzantine Empire. To turn again to the history proper. The production of the Talmud is part of the story of Babylonian Israel. Except that fanatic outbreak about the year 500 (p. 236) little occurred to disturb the even tenor of their way. They were "happy" because they "had no history." But life was going hard for their brethren elsewhere. Many were settled in the lands of the Eastern half of the Roman Empire known as the Byzantine. It included all ancient Rome's conquests in Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. Our present Turkey forms the bulk of it. Yes, the status of the Jew was growing still more precarious. In many Palestinian towns, notably Cæsarea and Antioch, insurrections broke out, usually during the circus races. Ravages against the Jews were actually endorsed by the emperor Zeno. Churches were everywhere replacing synagogues in the land which had once been theirs, and Jerusalem became an archbishopric where Jews were not even _admitted_. Such are the changes of time! Laws of Justinian.