[Footnote 278: Our Author alludes to the Inquisitions made under the _Justices Itinerant_, an institution generally ascribed to Henry the 2nd, and, as generally, imagined to have been first ordained in the Great Council at Northampton in the 22nd year of the Reign of that Monarch. Lord Coke, however, ascribes to them a much earlier origin; and from the Records in the Exchequer, it should seem, that there had been Justices Itinerant to hear and determine Civil and Criminal causes, so early as the 18th of Henry the first. Lord Littleton thinks, the first appointment of Justices Itinerant was made by Henry the first, in imitation of a similar Institution in France established by Louis le Gros. Justices Itinerant _ad communia placita_ were continued until the 10th of Edw. the 3rd, when they seem to have given way to Justices of Assise, Nisi prius, Oyer and terminer, and Gaol delivery. (Vide Madox’s Excheq. 96. Litt. Hist. Hen. 2. Vol. 4. 271. Hale’s Hist. Com. Law 140. 168—2 Inst. 497.)] [Footnote 279: The Mirror confines the punishment to those attainted of Usury after their decease, “but not, if they be attainted thereof in their lifetime, for then they lose but only their moveables; because, by penance and repentance, they may amend and have Heirs.” (Mirror c. 4. s. 12. See also Fleta L. 1. c. 20. s. 28. and Dial. de Scacc. L. 2. s. 10.)] [Footnote 280: Vide Book 14. Note 2.] CHAP. XVII. The Ultimate Heir of any person is his Lord.[281] When, therefore, a Man dies without leaving any certain Heir, such, for example, as a Son, or Daughter, or without any such Heir of whom there can exist no doubt,[282] but that he is the nearer and right Heir, the Lords of the Fee may, and indeed, usually do, take the Vacant Inheritances into their hands, and retain them as Escheats,[283] whoever such Lord may be, whether the King, or any other person. But, if any one appear and assert himself to be the right Heir, if by the indulgence of his Lord, or by the King’s precept, he can effect it, he shall prosecute his claim; and thus he may establish his right, if he has any such; but, in the mean time, the Land in question shall remain in the hands of the Lord of the Fee: because, whenever a Lord entertains a doubt concerning the Heir of his Tenant, whether he be the right Heir or not, he may retain the Land until the fact be lawfully proved to him.[284] The same rule is laid down, in a former part of this Treatise, where a doubt arises with respect to the full age or Minority of the Heir. There is, however, this difference, that in the one case, the Inheritance itself is in the mean time to be considered as the Lord’s Escheat: but in the other case, it is not considered to be the Lord’s—nothing, indeed, but the Custody. But if no one should appear to claim the Inheritance in question as Heir, then it shall absolutely revert to the Lord as an Escheat; so that he may dispose of it at his pleasure as his own property. Besides, if a Female Heir, in the Custody