265. The CHYME is conveyed through the pyloric orifice of the stomach into the duodenum. The chyme not only excites an action in the duodenum, but also in the liver and pancreas. _Mucus_ is then secreted by the duodenum, _bile_ by the liver, and _pancreatic fluid_ by the pancreas. The bile and pancreatic fluid are conveyed into the duodenum, and mixed with the chyme. By the action of these different fluids, the chyme is converted into a fluid of a whitish color, called _Chyle_, and into residuum. _Observation._ The bile has no agency in the change through which the food passes in the stomach. In a healthy condition of this organ, no bile is found in it. The common belief, that the stomach has a redundancy of this secretion, is erroneous. If bile is ejected in vomiting, it merely shows, not only that the action of the stomach is inverted, but also that of the duodenum. A powerful emetic will, in this way, generally bring this fluid from the most healthy stomach. A knowledge of this fact might save many a stomach from the evils of emetics, administered on false impressions of their necessity, and continued from the corroboration of these by the appearance of bile, till derangement, and perhaps permanent disease, are the consequences. 266. The CHYLE and residual matter are moved over the mucous surface of the small intestine, by the action of its muscular coat. As the chyle is carried along the tract of the intestine, it comes in contact with the villi, where the lacteal vessels commence. These imbibe, or take up, the chyle, and transfer it through the mesenteric glands into the thoracic duct, through which it is conveyed into a large vein at the lower part of the neck. In this vein the chyle is mixed with the venous fluid. The residual matter is conveyed into the large intestine, through which it is carried and excreted from the system. (Appendix E.) -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= What peculiar property has gastric juice? 265. Where and how is chyme converted into chyle? What is said in regard to the bile? 266. What becomes of the chyle? Of the residuum? -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= 267. In the process of digestion, the food is subjected to five different changes. 1st. The chewing and admixture of the saliva with the food; this process is called _mastication_. 268. 2d. The change through which the food passes in the stomach by its muscular contraction, and the secretion from the gastric glands; this is called _chymification_. 269. 3d. The conversion of the homogeneous chyme, by the agency of the bile and pancreatic secretions, into a fluid of milk-like appearance; this is _chylification_. 270. 4th. The absorption of the chyle by the lacteals, and its transfer through them and the thoracic duct, into the subclavian vein at the lower part of the neck.[9] [9] The chyle is changed by the lacteals and mesenteric glands, but the nature of this change is not, as yet, well defined or understood.