_Camwood_, a dyewood, procured from a leguminous (or pod-bearing) tree, growing on the Western Coast of Africa, and called _Baphia nitida_. _Cankerworm_, a worm which is very destructive to trees and plants. It springs from an egg deposited by a miller that issues from the ground, and in some years destroys the leaves and fruit of apple and other trees. _Carbon_, a simple inflammable body, forming the principal part of wood and coal, and the whole of the diamond. _Carbonic acid_, a compound gas, consisting of carbon and oxygen. It has lately been obtained in a solid form. _Carmine_, a crimson color, the most beautiful of all the reds. It is prepared from a decoction of the powdered cochineal insect, to which alum and other substances are added. _Caster_, a small phial or vessel for the table, in which to put vinegar, mustard, pepper, &c. _Chancellor of the Exchequer_, the highest judge of the law; the principal financial minister of a government, and the one who manages its revenue. _Chateau_, a castle, a mansion. _Chemistry_, the science which treats of the elementary constituents of bodies. _Chinese belle_, deformities of. In China, it is the fashion to compress the feet of female infants, to prevent their growth; in consequence of which, the feet of all the females of China are distorted, and so small, that the individuals cannot walk with ease. _Chloride_, a compound of chlorine and some other substance. _Chlorine_ is a simple substance, formerly called oxymuriatic acid. In its pure state, it is a gas, of green color, (hence its name, from a Greek word, signifying green.) Like oxygen, it supports the combustion of some inflammable substances. _Chloride of lime_ is a compound of chlorine and lime. _Cholera infantum_, a bowel complaint, to which infants are subject. _Chyle_, a white juice, formed from the chyme, and consisting of the finer and more nutritious parts of the food. It is afterwards converted into blood. _Chyme_, the result of the first process which food undergoes in the stomach, previously to its being converted into chyle. _Cicuta_, the common American Hemlock, an annual plant of four or five feet in height, and found commonly along walls and fences, and about old ruins and buildings. It is a virulent poison, as well as one of the most important and valuable medicinal vegetables. It is a very different plant from the Hemlock tree, or _Pinus Canadensis_. _Clarke_, (Sir Charles Mansfield,) _Dr._, a distinguished English physician and surgeon, who was born in London, May 28, 1782. He was appointed Physician to Queen Adelaide, wife of King William IV., in 1830, and in 1831, he was created a baronet. He is the author of several valuable medical works. _Cobalt_, a brittle metal, of a reddish-gray color and weak metallic lustre, used in coloring glass. It is not easily melted nor oxidized in the air.