It has been stated that the circulation languishes with the diminished
energy in the sensorial faculties, and the loss of power in the muscles
of locomotion. After awhile, the pulse which was feebler than natural
becomes more full, more strong, and generally more quick than in a sound
state; and now the skin, which was cold, becomes preternaturally hot.
The previous cold consisted, for the most part, of altered sensation,
there being little or no loss of caloric: but the feeling of heat, on
the contrary, is the result of an actual increase of temperature; for
the heat in the interior of the body, as well as on the surface, rises
in some cases several degrees, as is ascertained by the thermometer; the
range of increase being from the natural standard 98° to 105°, beyond
which it is seldom found to augment in this form of fever. The heat is
at first not uniform over the entire surface of the body: it often
happens that some parts are cold while others are burning hot. The heat
is oftentimes particularly intense over the forehead, or over the back
part of the head, or over the whole scalp, while the cheeks are commonly
flushed. All these symptoms denote a morbid condition in the action of
the heart and arteries. Since the generation of animal heat is so
intimately connected with the circulating and the respiratory functions,
it is probable that the increase of temperature is the result of some
morbid action of the capillary vessels belonging to these systems. What
the disordered action of these vessels is, which produces increase of
temperature, we do not know, because we do not know what their natural
action is which produces the temperature of health: but the object of
scientific observation is in some degree accomplished, when it is
ascertained that one condition of these functions is invariably
connected with a morbidly-diminished temperature; another with a
morbidly-augmented temperature; and another with the temperature of
health.
Immediately the circulation is thus excited, the functions of secretion
and excretion become deranged. The mouth is now dry and parched; the
tongue begins to be covered with fur; thirst comes on; the secretion of
the liver, probably also of the pancreas, and certainly of the mucous
membrane lining the whole alimentary canal, is vitiated, as is proved by
the unnatural quantity, colour, and fetor of the evacuations; the urine
likewise is altered in appearance, and the skin is not more remarkable
for the sense of heat, than for that of dryness and harshness which it
communicates to the touch. With the excitement of the pulse and the
increase of the heat, the pain in the back and limbs and the general
febrile uneasiness are much augmented.
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